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科技英語課后習(xí)題答案-文庫吧資料

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【正文】 靶向給藥系統(tǒng)的一種新劑型。直徑在幾個納米到幾十納米,長度一般在微米量級,最長者可達數(shù)毫米。石墨烯的片層一般可以從一層到上百層,含有一層石墨烯片層的稱為單壁納米碳管(Singlewalled carbon nanotube, SWNT),多于一層的則稱為多壁納米碳管(Multiwalled carbon nanotube, MWNT)。它是1991年才被發(fā)現(xiàn)的一種碳結(jié)構(gòu)。這種技術(shù)用于糖尿病和癌癥治療是很有希望的。就是提供此類輸送的良好候選材料。利用納米技術(shù)能夠把新型基因材料輸送到已經(jīng)存在的DNA里,而不會引起任何免疫反應(yīng)。dendrimer ()樹枝狀聚合物。圣杯的傳說來自于基督教,傳說那是耶穌基督在最后的晚餐中使用的綠柱玉琢制的酒杯。MRI能清楚、全面地顯示心腔、心肌、心包及心內(nèi)其它細小結(jié)構(gòu),是診斷各種心臟病以及檢查心功能的可靠方法。它可不用血管造影劑即可顯示血管的結(jié)構(gòu),故對血管、腫塊、淋巴結(jié)和血管結(jié)構(gòu)之間的相互鑒別有其獨到之處。幾乎適用于全身各系統(tǒng)的不同疾病,如腫瘤、炎癥、創(chuàng)傷、退行性病變以及各種先天性疾病的檢查。它是20世紀80年代初才應(yīng)用于臨床的影像診斷新技術(shù)。Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) ()磁共振成像(MRI)是利用收集磁共振現(xiàn)象所產(chǎn)生的信號而重建圖像的成像技術(shù),因此,也稱自旋體層成像、核磁共振CT。 to fulfill. The boy was very happy because his father had lived up to the promise that the family would go to the amusement park if he had a good performance in the final exam.III. Background Information Text AIt introduces nanotechnology taking on cancer detection and treatment. It is a brandnew therapy in human’s fight against cancer. Some kinds of nanoparticles have been used in tests. Although it holds promise for cancer treatment in humans, standardized techniques should be taken into consideration.National Cancer Institute ()美國國家癌癥研究所。 an investigation into unfamiliar matters or questionable activities. (1) The surgeon examined his stomach with a probe. (2) There is a congressional probe into price fixing (限價、限定價格).probe: v. to explore with or as if with a probe. (1) The surgeon probed a wound to find its extent (范圍、程度). (2) She tried to probe my mind and discover what I was thinking.Cadmium is a poisonous metal, however, so until longterm toxicity studies of the nanoparticles are conducted, use of quantumdot probes will be limited to animals and tissue samples. ()Paraphrase: Cadmium is a poisonous metal. Because of that, quantumdot probes can only be used on animals and tissue samples until its safety has been established.… mice riddled with human epithelialcell cancer. ()riddle … with …: to be full of。… which then emit radio signals. ()emit: v. to give out。第一個it是形式主語,真正的主語是that引導(dǎo)的句子;第二個it指代上述的事實,即a wellfunded sign that expectations for nanotech solutions to cancer extend to the highest governmental levels。 科技英語閱讀方法 “復(fù)合詞” 216。2. Word and Phrase TranslationA. 1) 互贏博弈和互敗博弈2) 連續(xù)策略博弈3) 聯(lián)立策略博弈4) 直線推理5) 循環(huán)推理6) 納什均衡7) 支配性策略8) 最優(yōu)化結(jié)果9) 合作破裂10) 邊緣化策略B. 1) pure conflict2) petition and cooperation3) strategic interdependence4) prisoners’ dilemma5) longrun loss6) titfortat strategy7) mixing one’s moves8) hit a passing shot crosscourt or down the line9) monopoly market10) equilibrium sharesMain Content: UNIT 2 MEDICINE216。7) 但是所有的博弈所具有的共同特征就是相互作用。5) 在蜂窩網(wǎng)中布設(shè)911系統(tǒng)可以分三個階段來進行。3) 在19世紀,潮汐振蕩和聲重力振蕩的理論曾經(jīng)是饒有興趣的課題。)V. Skills for Translation 名詞化結(jié)構(gòu) 1. 將名詞化結(jié)構(gòu)譯為動詞 (. 由動詞派生的名詞化結(jié)構(gòu))2. 將名詞化結(jié)構(gòu)譯為動賓關(guān)系(. 復(fù)合名詞化結(jié)構(gòu))3. 將名詞化結(jié)構(gòu)譯為獨立的從句(. 名詞化結(jié)構(gòu)較長而且較為復(fù)雜的情況)VI. Translation Practice名詞化結(jié)構(gòu) 1. Exercises for Practicing the Skills1) 無線網(wǎng)狀網(wǎng)的首次應(yīng)用是在社區(qū)接入網(wǎng)中,例如在加州的Cerritos社區(qū),采用Tropos Networks或Garland的設(shè)備,由NexGen City建網(wǎng),所用的專用芯片來自MeshNetworks。(. acute bacterial peritonitis 急性細菌性腹膜炎)3. 由動詞派生的名詞化結(jié)構(gòu)指由實義動詞派生的名詞搭配介詞短語構(gòu)成,在句中充當(dāng)主語、賓語或介詞賓語。名詞化結(jié)構(gòu)主要分為以下三類:1. 單純名詞化結(jié)構(gòu)指由一個或多個名詞修飾一個中心名詞構(gòu)成的名詞化結(jié)構(gòu)。使用名詞化結(jié)構(gòu)的優(yōu)點正是敘述客觀,強調(diào)動作的客體而非動作本身,并能夠用來代替同位語從句等較長的句子結(jié)構(gòu),從而使得文章簡潔緊湊。丘吉爾(18741965),二戰(zhàn)期間英國首相,英國傳記作家、歷史學(xué)家、政治家,1953年諾貝爾文學(xué)獎獲得者。他的理論和思想不僅運用在經(jīng)濟學(xué)分析中,在外交、軍事領(lǐng)域也影響深遠。他教授的課程除包括經(jīng)濟學(xué)理論外,還涉及外交、國家安全、核戰(zhàn)略以及軍控等多方面。Thomas Schelling ()托馬斯strategy of brinkmanship ()邊緣化策略。Cortes ()赫爾南多這時,合作可能會作為均衡的結(jié)果出現(xiàn)。在重復(fù)的囚徒困境中,博弈被反復(fù)地進行。雖然困境本身只屬模型性質(zhì),但現(xiàn)實中的價格競爭、環(huán)境保護等方面,也會頻繁出現(xiàn)類似情況。 dilemma ()囚徒困境,博弈論的經(jīng)典案例。一個策略組合被稱為納什均衡,當(dāng)每個博弈者的均衡策略都是為了達到自己期望收益的最大值,與此同時,其他所有博弈者也遵循這樣的策略。在一個博弈過程中,無論對方的策略選擇如何,當(dāng)事人一方都會選擇某個確定的策略,則該策略被稱作支配性策略。Nash equilibrium ()納什均衡,又稱為非合作博弈均衡,是博弈論的一個重要術(shù)語,以約翰后續(xù)的研究者對博弈論的貢獻,都是建立在這一概念之上的。然而,他對經(jīng)濟學(xué)研究產(chǎn)生重大影響的還是在博弈論上,可以概括為兩點:第一,納什明確區(qū)分了合作對策與非合作對策,并指出,在合作對策中可以達成有約束力的協(xié)議,而在非合作對策中,則達不到;第二,對于兩人以上的非合作對策,可能出現(xiàn)什么樣的結(jié)果,納什提出了分析方法,這一方法可以用“納什均衡”來稱謂。諾依曼之后最偉大的博弈論大師之一。現(xiàn)任普林斯頓大學(xué)數(shù)學(xué)系教授,美國科學(xué)院院士。John Nash ()約翰tictactoe ()井字棋,一種益智游戲。他同莫根諾依曼(19031957),匈牙利裔美國數(shù)學(xué)家,普林斯頓大學(xué)和普林斯頓高等研究所教授,曾任研制原子彈的顧問,并參加研制計算機,被稱為計算機之父,1954年成為美國原子能委員會委員。John von Neumann ()約翰目前在生物學(xué)、經(jīng)濟學(xué)、國際關(guān)系、計算機科學(xué)、政治學(xué)、軍事戰(zhàn)略和其他很多學(xué)科都有廣泛的應(yīng)用。內(nèi)爾巴夫是耶魯大學(xué)組織和管理學(xué)院管理學(xué)教授。迪克斯特是普林斯頓大學(xué)經(jīng)濟學(xué)教授。 power of seeing into sth. with the mind. (1) a man of deep insight (2) Good teachers have insight into the problems of students.By so doing, he removes his own temptation to renege (食言、否認) on a promise or to forgive others’ transgressions (違犯、犯規(guī)). ()Paraphrase: By so doing, he can resist the temptation to break his own promise or to excuse for others’ offense.Recall Winston Churchill’s dictum of hiding the truth in a “bodyguard of lies”. ()recall: v. 1) to bring back to mind。常見詞有outargue/outbalance/outbid/outclass/outdo/outdrive/outeat/outgo/outlearn/outlive/outplay。 crack。 (number that cannot be calculated). infinite space.In contrast to the linear chain of reasoning for sequential games, a game with simultaneous moves involves a logical circle. ()Paraphrase: A game with simultaneous move requires a logical circular thinking, which is totally different from the linear chain of reasoning for sequential games.… in ignorance of the others’ current actions. ()ignorance: n. being lacking of knowledge or uninformed. The manager was offended by the ignorance of his plans.The logical circle is squared … ()square the circle: to attempt sth. impossible 做(似乎是)不可能的事When we say that an oute is an equilibrium, there is no presumption that each person’s privately best choice will lead to a collectively optimal result. ()Paraphrase: When we mention that game result is an equilibrium, there is no assurance that each player’s best choice will lead to the best effect for all the players.此句是一個復(fù)合句,when引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句,主句there is no presumption中又包含一個同位語從句that each person’s privately best choice will lead to a collectively optimal result,修飾presumption。 having bounds. The petroleum supply
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