【正文】 已為人們所知，就用as或 since。d better not go to ，你最好不要去上班了。As it was raining hard, we had to be ，我們只好呆在家里。Why did you go?I went because Tom told me to ？那是因?yàn)闇方形胰?。常用的引?dǎo)連詞有because, as和since。The waves dashed on the rocks as if in ，好像很憤怒。）說(shuō)明：as if / as though也可以引導(dǎo)一個(gè)分詞短語(yǔ)、不定式短語(yǔ)或無(wú)動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)，例如：He stared at me as if seeing me for first ，就像第一次看見(jiàn)我似的。）It looks as if the weather may pick up very 。）He looks as if(as though)he had been hit by 。漢譯常作“仿佛??似的”，“好像??似的”，例如：They pletely ignore these facts as if(as though)they never ，就仿佛它不存在似的。Just as we sweep our rooms, so we should sweep backward ideas from our ，我們也要掃除我們頭腦中落后的東西。1）as,(just)as?so?引導(dǎo)的方式狀語(yǔ)從句通常位于主句后，但在(just)as?so?結(jié)構(gòu)中位于句首，這時(shí)as從句帶有比喻的含義，意思是“正如?”，“就像”，多用于正式文體，例如：Always do to the others as you would be done ，你就要怎樣待人。Wherever I am I will be thinking of 。We will go wherever the motherland need us 。常用where（哪里）和wherever（無(wú)論哪里）引導(dǎo)。t start our discussion until / till he ，再開(kāi)始我們的討論。(2)It is not until? that?I will wait for my friend until / till he 。Not until the early years of the 19th century did man know what heat 世紀(jì)初，人類(lèi)才知道熱能是什么。注意：否定句可用另外兩種句式表示。2)Until when 疑問(wèn)句中，until要放在句首。1)Until可用于句首，而till通常不用于句首。I didn39。Don39。s get in the wheat before the sun sets.）否定句：She didn39。Wait till I call 。正確使用這兩個(gè)連詞的關(guān)鍵之一就在于判斷句中的動(dòng)詞該用肯定式還是否定式。否定形式表達(dá)的意思是“直至某時(shí)才做某事”。比較until和till此兩個(gè)連詞意義相同。（7）.till和until引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，譯為“直到??為止”，not ? till / until引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，譯為“直到??才”。注：while也可以作并列連詞，表轉(zhuǎn)折的關(guān)系，相當(dāng)于but，譯為“然而”。They rushed in while we were discussing ，他們沖了進(jìn)來(lái)。ll tell him about it as soon as he es 。(go to bed 表示的動(dòng)作不能持續(xù))（5）表示“一?就?”的結(jié)構(gòu)hardly/scarcely?when/before, no sooner?than 和as soon as都可以表示“一?就?”的意思，表示從句的動(dòng)作一發(fā)生，主句的動(dòng)作馬上就發(fā)生。(stay表示的動(dòng)作可以持續(xù))He didn39。例如：I39。（4）.until 意為“直到??時(shí)”，引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，表示主句的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在從句的動(dòng)作之前。注：常用句型：It is +時(shí)間段+since從句譯為：自從??有多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間了。We haven39。注：若主句和從句兩個(gè)動(dòng)作發(fā)生的先后順序十分接近，那么也可以不用完成時(shí)態(tài)，例如 1上面的第二句可改成：He called me after he finished his work.（3）.since引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，譯為“自從??”，主句常用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，從句常用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。t throw them （們）用過(guò)了塑料袋之后，不準(zhǔn)到處亂扔。after 意為“在??之后”，引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，表示主句的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在從句的動(dòng)作之后。例如：We cleaned the classroom before we left school ，我們打掃了教室。As the day went on, the weather got ，天氣越變?cè)綁?。Just as / Just when / When I stopped my car, a man came up to ）當(dāng)從句的動(dòng)作發(fā)生于主句動(dòng)作之前，只能用when 引導(dǎo)這個(gè)從句，不可用as 或 while。We were working in the chemistry lab, when the lights went ，突然燈都熄滅了。注：when也可以作并列連詞，表示一個(gè)動(dòng)詞正在進(jìn)行的時(shí)候，突然間發(fā)生了另外一件事。I will visit my good friend when I have ，我將去看望我的好友。He was working at the table when I went ，他正在桌旁工作。When you are crossing the street, you must be （們）過(guò)街道時(shí)，一定要小心。凡是從句都必須有引導(dǎo)詞，引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句的詞有 when, before, after, until, as soon as, while 等，具體用法如下：（1）.when 意為“當(dāng)??時(shí)”，引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，表示主句的動(dòng)作和從句的動(dòng)作同時(shí)或先后發(fā)生。二：狀語(yǔ)從句的分類(lèi)。作什么樣的狀語(yǔ)就叫什么類(lèi)型的狀語(yǔ)從句。）He would rather have the small one than the large one.（他寧可要那個(gè)小的，而不愿要那個(gè)大的。）I would do it with pleasure, except that I am too busy.（要不是我太忙了，我會(huì)很高興去做的。s body, that railway is to transportation.（鐵路對(duì)于運(yùn)輸，好比血管對(duì)于人的身體。t speak the way as other people bodies are made up of millions of very small cells, just as a building is made of many stones or speaks French as if(as though)he were a as if 或 as though 引導(dǎo)的從句通常用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，但如果主句謂語(yǔ)是感官動(dòng)詞，并且所述情況實(shí)現(xiàn)可能性大，也可用陳述語(yǔ)氣，如：It looks as if the ing autumn harvest will be even better than the last 主要由 as...as, not so(as)...as, than 等連詞引導(dǎo)，如：This table is as wide as that can not run so(as)fast as conducts electricity better than other of Proportion and Other Types(比例從句和其它從句)比例從句由關(guān)聯(lián)詞 the...the...連接形容詞或副詞比較級(jí)構(gòu)成，如：The more she thought about it, the more she liked 如 as...so 和 what...that 引導(dǎo)的類(lèi)比從句；so(as)far as 引導(dǎo)的范圍從句；except that 引導(dǎo)的例外從句；rather / sooner than 和 would / had rather than 引導(dǎo)的擇比從句等，如：As the desert is like a sea, so is the camel like a ship.（沙漠似海，駱駝似舟。t catch 常用 so that, in order(that), lest, for fear that 等連詞引導(dǎo)，如：I took a taxi so that I could be in time for the closer in order that you may see the blackboard that 既可引導(dǎo)結(jié)果從句也可引導(dǎo)目的從句，但結(jié)果從句表示事實(shí)，通常不含情態(tài)動(dòng)詞；目的從句表示希望或想要實(shí)現(xiàn)的事實(shí)，通常含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，如：He got up early so that he caught the train.（結(jié)果）He got up early so that he could(might)catch the train.（目的）Lest