【正文】
常令人嘆為觀止。用餐結(jié)束后, 將叉子的背面向上, 刀刃向內(nèi)與叉子并攏 ,平行放置于餐盤上, 表示用餐結(jié)束。一般用右手拿湯匙和杯子,用叉子把食物送到嘴里,而不要把盤碗端起來食用。 西餐的餐具擺放時(shí)托盤居于中間,左叉右刀, 刀尖向上,刀口向內(nèi),盤前橫匙,主食靠左,餐具靠右, 其余用具酌情擺放。水杯主要用來盛放茶水、 汽水、 果汁等飲料。盤子主要用來盛食物的,根據(jù)所盛食物的多 少和形狀不同而大小形狀各異。 體現(xiàn)在餐具上的差異 中餐最重要的餐具是筷子,餐前筷子一定要整齊地放在飯碗的右側(cè),餐后一定要整齊地并列放在飯碗的正中。 西方人請(qǐng)客用長桌,男女主人分坐兩端,然后按男女主賓和一般客人的次序安排座位,即男女穿插安排,以女主人的座位為準(zhǔn),主賓坐在女主人的右上方,主賓夫人坐在男主人的右上方,講究“女士優(yōu)先”的西方紳士,都會(huì)表現(xiàn)出對(duì)女士的殷勤。請(qǐng)客時(shí),年長者、主賓或地位高的人坐上座,男女主人或陪客者坐下座,其余客人按順序坐偏座。 China and the West 目錄 第一章 中西方餐桌禮儀差異表現(xiàn)的對(duì)比 體現(xiàn)在座次上的差異 體現(xiàn)在餐具上的差異 體現(xiàn)在氛圍上的差異 第二章 中西方餐桌酒文化差異的對(duì)比分析 中西方酒文化差異的表現(xiàn) 酒種與酒杯的差異性 飲酒禮儀的差異性 飲酒目的的差異性 從中西文化的不同層次分析酒文化的差異 物質(zhì)酒文化 精神酒文化 第三章 中西餐 桌飲食文化差異的對(duì)比分析 中西方飲食的不同觀念 中國的飲食觀念 西方的飲食觀念 中西方飲食的不同烹飪方式 中國飲食的烹飪方式 西方飲食的烹飪方式 第四章 從餐桌禮節(jié)中看文化 參考文獻(xiàn) 致謝 第一章 中西方餐桌禮儀差異的對(duì)比表現(xiàn) 中國人請(qǐng)客傳統(tǒng)上用八仙桌。 七、參考書目 天津理工大學(xué)教務(wù)處制表 [1] Bell, R. T. Translation and Translating: Theory and Practice[M]. Beijing: Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press, 20xx [2] Claire and culture [M].Wadsworth Publishing. [3] Larry A. Sanovar: Communication between cultures [M]. Wadsworth Publishing. [4] crosscultural munication [M ].beijing research press. [5] Warren, Rosanna. The Art of Translation: Voices from the Field[M]. Boston: Northeastern University Press, 1989. [6] 易中天 . 餐桌上的文化 [M]. 上海 : 上海文匯出版社 , 20xx. [7] 林大津 . 跨文化交際研究 [M]. 福州 : 福建人民出版社 , 1996. [8] 胡文仲 . 跨文化交際面面觀 [M]. 北京 : 外語教育與研究出版社 ,1999. [9] 李天民 . 現(xiàn)代國際禮儀知識(shí) [M]. 北京 : 世界知識(shí)出版社 , 20xx. [10] 于桂敏 . 西方禮俗概覽 [M]. 長春 : 吉林人民出版社 , 20xx. [11] 賈玉新 . 跨文化交際學(xué) [M]. 上海 : 上海外語教育出版社 , 20xx. 指導(dǎo)教師意見 簽字: 年 月 日 天津理工大學(xué)教務(wù)處制表 A Contrastive Analysis of Table Manners and Culture between China and Western Countries 【 Abstract】 Because of the differences in culture, history, customs and national character, there are a lot of differences between Chinese and Western table manners. A good knowledge of the differences between Chinese and Western table manners can avoid conflicts when dining with foreign people, and also increase the efficiency. This paper mainly focuses on the three main differences between Chinese and Western table manners: the differences in tableware, the difference in seating protocol and the differences in table cultures. It will analysis the table manners in both China and the West and their origins, and will put forward some suggestions on how to deal with the differences. Differences of Table Manners between China and the West .There is no doubt that etiquette is usually thought to be the most important in our daily life. There are all kinds of etiquettes in the world, among which, table manners are essential. People are trying the best to behave properly, naturally and politely at table, without reference to their nationality, gender, occupation or age. Table manners are also seen to be a way that people evaluate one’ education. It must be done properly whether eating alone, with family, or with friends. Many times, taking food is not only a basic physiological need but also an importance experience of social activity. Therefore, to handle the rule at table is very much important for the people throughout the