【正文】 徹的認(rèn)知；然后分層論述，從文化的發(fā)展，現(xiàn)狀具體論述；最后歸納總結(jié)本課題的研究成果及意義。應(yīng)該包括如下具體信息： 1. 中方餐桌禮節(jié)介紹 2. 西方餐桌禮節(jié)介紹 3. 兩者差異對(duì)比分析 4. 兩者結(jié)合文化差異綜合分析 5. 論文總結(jié) 四、 研究方法 1. 理論闡述與范例分析相結(jié)合。 2 文獻(xiàn)調(diào)研法：通過(guò)文獻(xiàn)調(diào)研分析本課題，并提出注意的內(nèi)容。 3. 經(jīng)驗(yàn)討教法：向老師和同學(xué)討教問(wèn)題，聽(tīng)取他們對(duì) 本課題的觀點(diǎn)。 4. 其他分析方法：文化分析，現(xiàn)狀分析，趨勢(shì)分析等。 五、研究手段 通過(guò)查找相關(guān)文獻(xiàn)資料，了解國(guó)內(nèi)外對(duì)于本論題的研究情況，借鑒有關(guān)研究成果。主要通過(guò)以下四種途徑： 1. 在圖書館查閱相關(guān)書籍，進(jìn)行相關(guān)方面知識(shí)的研究和探討。 2. 借助網(wǎng)絡(luò)媒介進(jìn)行相關(guān)資料的搜索。 3. 查閱國(guó)內(nèi)外期刊中與課題相關(guān)的文章，加以分析研究。 4. 就本課題向老師和同學(xué)們討教，聽(tīng)取他們的意見(jiàn)和觀點(diǎn)。 六、研究步驟 第一階段 在學(xué)校數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)以及各大書店、圖書館搜集有關(guān)于環(huán)境責(zé)任保險(xiǎn)的文獻(xiàn)資料， 完成畢業(yè)論文選題。 第二階段 消化文獻(xiàn)資料，和導(dǎo)師探討對(duì)該研究課題的一些想法 ，確定論文研究框架。 第三階段 繼續(xù)搜集資料，完成開(kāi)題報(bào)告 ，確定研究的主要方面。 第四階段 進(jìn)行畢業(yè)實(shí)習(xí)，進(jìn)一步搜集、整理相關(guān)資料。 第五階段 完成論文初稿。 第六階段 通過(guò)導(dǎo)師的指導(dǎo) 對(duì)論文進(jìn)行修改，完成二稿。 第七階段 進(jìn)一步完善論文內(nèi)容，論文定稿。 第八階段 論文裝訂，準(zhǔn)備論文答辯。 七、參考書目 天津理工大學(xué)教務(wù)處制表 [1] Bell, R. T. Translation and Translating: Theory and Practice[M]. Beijing: Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press, 20xx [2] Claire and culture [M].Wadsworth Publishing. [3] Larry A. Sanovar: Communication between cultures [M]. Wadsworth Publishing. [4] crosscultural munication [M ].beijing research press. [5] Warren, Rosanna. The Art of Translation: Voices from the Field[M]. Boston: Northeastern University Press, 1989. [6] 易中天 . 餐桌上的文化 [M]. 上海 : 上海文匯出版社 , 20xx. [7] 林大津 . 跨文化交際研究 [M]. 福州 : 福建人民出版社 , 1996. [8] 胡文仲 . 跨文化交際面面觀 [M]. 北京 : 外語(yǔ)教育與研究出版社 ,1999. [9] 李天民 . 現(xiàn)代國(guó)際禮儀知識(shí) [M]. 北京 : 世界知識(shí)出版社 , 20xx. [10] 于桂敏 . 西方禮俗概覽 [M]. 長(zhǎng)春 : 吉林人民出版社 , 20xx. [11] 賈玉新 . 跨文化交際學(xué) [M]. 上海 : 上海外語(yǔ)教育出版社 , 20xx. 指導(dǎo)教師意見(jiàn) 簽字： 年 月 日 天津理工大學(xué)教務(wù)處制表 A Contrastive Analysis of Table Manners and Culture between China and Western Countries 【 Abstract】 Because of the differences in culture, history, customs and national character, there are a lot of differences between Chinese and Western table manners. A good knowledge of the differences between Chinese and Western table manners can avoid conflicts when dining with foreign people, and also increase the efficiency. This paper mainly focuses on the three main differences between Chinese and Western table manners: the differences in tableware, the difference in seating protocol and the differences in table cultures. It will analysis the table manners in both China and the West and their origins, and will put forward some suggestions on how to deal with the differences. Differences of Table Manners between China and the West .There is no doubt that etiquette is usually thought to be the most important in our daily life. There are all kinds of etiquettes in the world, among which, table manners are essential. People are trying the best to behave properly, naturally and politely at table, without reference to their nationality, gender, occupation or age. Table manners are also seen to be a way that people evaluate one’ education. It must be done properly whether eating alone, with family, or with friends. Many times, taking food is not only a basic physiological need but also an importance experience of social activity. Therefore, to handle the rule at table is very much important for the people throughout the world. With the rapid development, there are more and more intercultural munications between Chinese and the Westerners. Table manners