【正文】 facilitate schematic diagram shown in Figure 1 circuit principle diagram中原工學院畢業(yè)設(shè)計（論文）譯文 40 kHz ultrasonic pulse generated with the launchRanging system using the ultrasonic sensor of piezoelectric sensors UCM40, its operating voltage of the pulse signal is 40kHz, which by the singlechip implementation of the following procedures to :mov 14h, 12h。中原工學院畢業(yè)設(shè)計（論文）譯文參考文獻，.，KhuriYakub， Kino，.，“High Frequency Acoustic Wave Measurement in Air”，in Proceedings of IEEE 1983 Ultrasonic Symposium，October 312 November，1983，Atlanta，GA， Abreu，.，Ceres, Freire,T.,“Ultrasonic Ranging: Envelope Analysis Gives Improved Accuracy”,Sensor Review, ,1992,， M., Anaya, and Fritsch C.,‖Digital Signal Processing Techniques for High Accuracy Ultrasonic Range Measurement:,IEEE Transactions: Instrumentation and , August 1991, C., Cicco, ., Mortem, B., Prudenziati, M., and Taron, A., ―A Temperature Compensated Ultrasonic Sensor Operating in Air for Distance and Proxinmity Measurement‖, IEEE Trasaction on Industry Electronics, Vol, IE29 ,1982, , ., Ceres, R., Calderon, L and Freire, T., ‖Ultrasonic Ranging Gets Themal Correction‖, Sensor Review, Vol, 9 , 1989,（論文）譯文Ultrasonic ranging system design Publication title: Sensor : ABSTRACT: Ultrasonic ranging technology has wide using worth in many field, such as the industrial locale, vehicle navigation and sonar it has been used in level measurement, selfguided autonomous vehicles, fieldwork robots automotive navigation, air and underwater target detection, identification ,location and so there is an important practicing meaning to learn the ranging theory and ways improve the precision of the ultrasonic ranging system in hand, satisfy the request of the engineering personal for the precision,the bound and the usage, a portable ultrasonic ranging system based on the single chip processor was : Ultrasound r, Ranging System, Single Chip Processor With the development of science and technology, the improvement of people’s standard of living, speeding up the development and construction of the drainage system have greatly developed their situation is constantly , due to historical reasons many unpredictable factors in the synthesis of her time, the city drainage particular drainage system often lags behind urban , there are often good building excavation has been building facilities to upgrade the drainage system brought to the city sewage, and it is clear to the city sewage and drainage culvert in the sewage treatment is very important to people’s robots designed to clear the drainage culvert and the automatic control system Free sewage culvert clear guarantee robot, the robot is designed to clear the culvert sewage to the System is the core ponent of the development of ultrasonic range , it is very important to design a good ultrasonic range subject backgroundWith the development of economy and car scientific and technological progress, highway traffic presents driving fast pace, traffic dense is changed and the driver not professional the same time, along with the rapid development of auto industry, automobile yield and quantities are increased road development，中原工學院畢業(yè)設(shè)計（論文）譯文transportation management is relatively backward, leading to a large number of traffic accidents in some cities, especially transportation system in the world, ITS transportation science and technology of advanced technology, ITS exerting existing infrastructure of potential, enhance the transport efficiency, safeguard traffic safety and ease traffic wager plug, improving urban environment aspects of outstanding performance, has received the governments of widespread Chinese government is also highly intelligent transportation system of the development and popularization automotive anticollision system as ITS development of a base, ITS success to the whole system has a very significant , auto safety said can be divided into two main research direction: first,it is active safety technology, including the prevention of accidents, the way is now automotive safety research ultimate purpose。因此，它不僅可用于移動機器人，還可以用在其他檢測系統(tǒng)中。中原工學院畢業(yè)設(shè)計（論文）譯文結(jié)論對所要求測量范圍30cm200cm內(nèi)的平面物體做了多次測量發(fā)現(xiàn)，且重復性好。主程序完成初始化工作、各路超聲波發(fā)射和接收順序的控制。第六步：通過公式計算距離y。測量過零時間與回波振幅。根據(jù)第二部的數(shù)據(jù)設(shè)定時間窗。計算時間值 存儲結(jié)果開外部中斷0中原工學院畢業(yè)設(shè)計（論文）譯文第四步：設(shè)置回波放大器的所得規(guī)格輸出，假定是3v。第一步：脈沖的傳送產(chǎn)生一種簡單的超聲波第二步：根據(jù)公式改變回波放大器的獲得量直到回撥被檢測到。MOV A,R7 SUBB A,3CH MOV 30H,A SETB EX0。MOV R6,TL0 CLR C MOV A,R6 SUBB A,0BBH。其部分源程序如下：RECEIVEO: PUSH PSWPUSH ACC CLR EX0。 引腳為0，轉(zhuǎn)至左測距中斷電路服務(wù)程序 returne：SETB EX1；開外部中斷1pop acc中原工學院畢業(yè)設(shè)計（論文）譯文pop pswreti right：...；右測距電路中斷服務(wù)程序入口ajmp returnleft：...；左測距電路中斷服務(wù)程序入口ajmp return 計算超聲波傳播時間在啟動發(fā)射電路的同時啟動單片機內(nèi)部的定時器T0，利用定時器的計數(shù)功能，記錄超聲波發(fā)射的時間和受到反射波的時間。部分源程序如下： receive1：push pswpush accclr ex1；關(guān)中斷源1jnb ，right。調(diào)節(jié)R8在發(fā)射的載頻上，則LM567輸入信號大于25mv，輸出端8腳由5由高電平躍變?yōu)榈碗娖剑鳛橹袛嗾埱笮盘?，送至單片機處理。超聲波發(fā)射持續(xù)200ms 輸出40kHz方波 超聲波的接收與處理接收頭采用與發(fā)射頭配對的UCM40R，將超聲波調(diào)制脈沖變?yōu)殡妷盒盘?，?jīng)運算放大器ic1a和ic1b兩級放大后加至IC2,。puzel：mov 14h，12hhere： ；nop；nop；nop；djnz 14h，here；Ret，單片機執(zhí)行上面的程序后，經(jīng)過三極管T放大，驅(qū)動超聲波發(fā)射頭UCM40T，發(fā)出40khz的脈沖超聲波，且持續(xù)發(fā)射200ms。電路的原理如圖1所示。 超聲波測距原理超聲波發(fā)射器向某一方向發(fā)射超聲波，在發(fā)射時刻的同時開始計時，超聲波在空氣中傳播，途中碰到障礙物就立即返回來，超聲波接收器收到反射波就立即停止計時。結(jié)果，一種錯誤便出現(xiàn)了——兩個擁有不同強度的脈沖在不同時間超過界限卻在同一時刻到達。一個物體的脈沖強度很大程度上取決于這個物體的自然屬性尺寸還有它與傳感器的距離。測量脈沖到達時間的傳統(tǒng)方法是以擁有固定參數(shù)的接收信號開端為基礎(chǔ)的。當它的兩極外加脈沖信號，其頻率等于壓電晶片的固有振蕩頻率時，壓電晶片將會發(fā)生共振，并帶動共振板振動，便產(chǎn)生超聲波。中原工學院畢業(yè)設(shè)計（論文）譯文 超聲波測距原理 壓電式超聲波發(fā)生器原理壓電式超聲波發(fā)生器實際上是利用壓電晶體的諧振來工作的。本設(shè)計的超聲波測距就是使用了渡越時間檢測法。其主要有三種測距方法：（1）相位檢測法，相位檢測法雖然精度高，但檢測范圍有限；（2）聲波幅值檢測法，聲波幅值檢測法易受反射波的影響；（3）渡越時間檢測法，渡越時間檢測法的工作方式簡單，直觀，在硬件控制和軟件設(shè)計上都非常容易實現(xiàn)。本設(shè)計屬于近距離測量，可以采用常用的壓電式超聲波換能器來實現(xiàn)觸發(fā)單元。利用超聲波檢測距離，設(shè)計比較方便，計算處理也較簡單，并且在測量精度方面也能達到要求。由單片機負責計時，所以此系統(tǒng)的測量精度理論上可以達到毫米級。首先測出超聲波從發(fā)射到遇到障礙物返回所經(jīng)歷的時間，再乘以超聲波的速度就得到二倍的聲源與障礙物之間的距離。超聲波傳感器是利用壓電效應的原理將電能和超聲波相互轉(zhuǎn)化，即在發(fā)射超聲波的時候，將電能轉(zhuǎn)換，發(fā)射超聲波；而在收到回波的時候，則將超聲振動轉(zhuǎn)換成電信號。完成這種功能的裝置就是超聲波傳感器，習慣上稱為超聲波換能器或超聲波探頭。超聲波是指頻率高于20HHZ的機械波。能檢測前進和倒車方向障礙物距離, 通過后視鏡內(nèi)置的中原工學院畢業(yè)設(shè)計（論文）譯文顯示單元顯示距離和方位, 發(fā)出一定的聲響, 起到提示和警戒的作用。其實超聲測距原理簡單: 它發(fā)射超聲波并接收反射回波, 通過單片機計數(shù)器獲得兩者時間差t, 利用公式S=Ct/2計算距離, 其中S為汽車與障礙物之間的