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blood vessels may cause the retina to detach〔脫離〕 from the back of your eye. 第三十頁,共五十八頁。 ? When you have PDR, abnormal blood vessels grow in the retina. 第二十八頁,共五十八頁。 第二十六頁,共五十八頁。 第二十四頁,共五十八頁。 As the condition progresses, the smaller vessels may close entirely and the larger retinal veins may begin to dilate〔擴大〕 and bee irregular in diameter〔直徑〕 . Nerve fibers in the retina may begin to swell. 第二十二頁,共五十八頁。 ? Tiny bulges〔凸起〕 protrude〔伸入〕 from the vessel walls, sometimes leaking or oozing fluid and blood into the retina. These bulges are called microaneurysms. ? Microaneurysms : 微動脈瘤,微血管瘤 第二十頁,共五十八頁。 Diabetic retinopathy is usually classified as early or advanced. ? Early diabetic retinopathy. Nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR) is the most mon type of diabetic retinopathy. It can be described as mild, moderate or severe. ? NPDR : (Non Prolifertive Dibetic Retinopthy) ? 非增殖性糖尿病視網(wǎng)膜病變 第十八頁,共五十八頁。 Symptoms ? Diabetic retinopathy usually affects both eyes. 第十六頁,共五十八頁。 symptoms ? In fact, up to 45 percent of adults diagnosed with diabetes in China have some degree of diabetic retinopathy, according to the National Eye Institute. 第十四頁,共五十八頁。 Symptoms ? You can have diabetic retinopathy and not know it. In fact, symptoms are unusual in the early stages of diabetic retinopathy. 第十二頁,共五十八頁。 Causes ? Eventually, too much sugar in your blood can damage the tiny blood vessels (capillaries毛細血管 ) that nourish the retina. This can result in diabetic retinopathy. ? capillary ,Capill/o , n. (的 ) ? Capillaritis毛細管炎 第十頁,共五十八頁。t use sugar (glucose) properly. 第八頁,共五十八頁。 cause ? Diabetic retinopathy can happen to anyone who has type 1 diabetes or type 2 diabetes. 第七頁,共五十八頁。 Diabetic retinopathy ? Definition ? Causes ? Symptoms ? Risk factors ? Tests and diagnosis ? When to seek medical advice ? Complications ? Treatments and drugs ? Prevention 第五頁,共五十八頁。 Terms ? 角膜: cornea ? Corne/o, ? Cornea角膜, ? Megacornea大角膜