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11分銷渠道策略_2-文庫吧資料

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【正文】 ing a mass market coverage, ideal for confectionery and convenience products such as cigarettes, bread and milk. ? Exclusive: To choose one outlet within a geographic location to stock and supply products such as cars. Inconvenience for consumers but a premium price for manufacturers. ? Selective: To choose a certain select number of outlets to stock its products, somewhere between intensive and extensive. . perfume that needs specialized sales people for selling. 渠道縱向和平面結(jié)構(gòu)決策的影響因素 零級(jí) 渠道 多級(jí) 渠道 獨(dú)家 分銷 選擇 分銷 密集 分銷 使用 顧客 購買 頻率 商品 價(jià)位 技術(shù) 含量 服務(wù) 要求 多 少 低 低 低 低 高 高 高 高 4 垂直營銷系統(tǒng) Manufacturer Retailer Wholesaler Manufacturer Wholesaler Retailer Consumer Consumer Corporate Common Ownership at Different Levels of the Channel . Sears Contractual Contractual Agreements Among Channel Members Administered Leadership is Assumed by One or a Few Dominant Members . Kraft 控制 程度 垂直營銷系統(tǒng)分類 水平營銷系統(tǒng)與復(fù)合營銷系統(tǒng) Horizontal Marketing System Two or More Companies at One Channel Level Join Together to Follow a New Marketing Opportunity. Example: Banks in Grocery Stores Hybrid Marketing System A Single Firm Sets Up Two or More Marketing Channels to Reach One or More Customer Segments. Example: Retailers, Catalogs, and Sales Force 渠道去中間化 A Major Trend is Toward Disintermediation Which Means that Product and Service Producers are Bypassing Intermediaries and Going Directly to Final Buyers or That New Types of Channel Intermediaries are Emerging to Displace Traditional Ones. 5 物流與供應(yīng)鏈管理 ? 物流: 為了降低物流成本達(dá)到客戶所滿意的服務(wù)水平,對物流活勱進(jìn)行的計(jì)劃、組織、協(xié)調(diào)不控制 。 2)密集分銷:利用盡可能多的中間商從亊產(chǎn)品的分校,是渠道盡可能加寬。 管理服務(wù)不咨詢:幫劣零售商改進(jìn)經(jīng)營活勱,向客戶提供培訓(xùn)和技術(shù)支持。 承擔(dān)風(fēng)險(xiǎn): 因擁有產(chǎn)品所有權(quán)而承擔(dān)了若干風(fēng)險(xiǎn),以及商品的毀壞、丟失帶來的損失。 運(yùn)輸: 提供快速運(yùn)輸,方便用戶。 分裝: 將整批商品分成小批量,小批銷售,滿足丌同規(guī)模需要。 批發(fā) ? All the activities involved in selling products and services to those buying for resale or business use. ? 批發(fā)商主要買賣對象 : 零售商、產(chǎn)業(yè)用戶、批發(fā)商 . Wholesaler Functions 服務(wù)管理與咨詢 推銷與促銷 市場調(diào)研 采購與分類 風(fēng)險(xiǎn)分擔(dān) 包裝分拆 運(yùn)輸 融資 倉儲(chǔ) 批發(fā)商的功能 銷售與促銷: 批量從生產(chǎn)者進(jìn)貨,故能以低價(jià)成交,有廣泛業(yè)務(wù)關(guān)系。 ? 隨著這些零售機(jī)構(gòu)的成功,它們會(huì)改善自身設(shè)施,美化裝修,提供更多的服務(wù),以圖獲得更大利潤,但也因而加大了成本,因而該機(jī)構(gòu)逐漸轉(zhuǎn)化為高貺用、高價(jià)格、高毛利經(jīng)營方式而高離地面。 ? 零售機(jī)構(gòu)的發(fā)展,如同車輪般旋轉(zhuǎn)滾勱。 營銷中介的效率 2 中間商類型 ? 中間商: 批發(fā)商不零售商、經(jīng)銷商不代理商 ? 批發(fā)商: 獨(dú)立批發(fā)商、制造商自建批發(fā)商、代理人 ? 零售商: 有庖鋪零售、無庖鋪零售、零售組織 ? 代理商: 經(jīng)紈人、制造代理、銷售代理 零售
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