【正文】 y ? 1950~1960 – Cost ? ? 1970~1980 – Quality ? ? 1990~2023 – Delivery、 Flexibility、 Service ? – Globalwise 3 Competitive Priority 手工藝時代 大量生產(chǎn) 豐田生產(chǎn)系統(tǒng) 及時生產(chǎn)系統(tǒng) 零庫存生產(chǎn)系統(tǒng) 世界級製造 成本 品質(zhì) 彈性 交期 1920 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2023 服務(wù)、創(chuàng)新、全球化 4 Planning Evolution MRP MRP II ERP 1970 1980 1990 2023 APS 5 MRP1960’ s and 70’ s ? Material Requirements Planning ? Master Production Scheduling ? Unconstrained Demand Supply 6 MRP II1980’ s ? Unconstrained ? Manufacturing Planning and Control, with manual processes to “ close the loop” ? Capacity Management ? Financial Integration 7 ERP 1990’ s ? An accountingoriented information system for identifying and planning the enterprisewide resources needed to take, make, ship, and account for customer orders. [APICS dictionary] 8 The Vision The Delivery MRP MRP II ERP Extended ERP Reduced inventory through “ infinite” manufacturing planning Reduced inventory, fewer stockouts and accurate financial records through “ infinite” manufacturing planning and periodic transaction processing. Customer focused, dynamically balanced enterprise through asset optimization and realtime transaction processing. Customer focused, dynamically balanced value work through asset optimization and realtime transaction processing. MRP MRP II MRP II (plus) Supply Chain The vision of ERP is Evolving to include the Extended Enterprise 9 資訊 系統(tǒng)之演進(jìn) ? MRP I 1960~1980 – 生產(chǎn)者導(dǎo)向 ?大量生產(chǎn) – 產(chǎn)品以價格及功能取勝 ?生產(chǎn)成本降低 – 整合： MPS及 BOM ? MRP II 1980~1990 – 消費者導(dǎo)向 ?少樣多量生產(chǎn) – 產(chǎn)品以多樣化及高品質(zhì)取勝 ?生產(chǎn)彈性及消除浪廢 – 整合：製造、行銷、財務(wù)、人事、專案 ? ERP/SCM 1990~ – 消費者導(dǎo)向 ?大量客製化 – 快速反應(yīng)市場需求 – 跨地區(qū)、跨幣別的即時、整合資訊 10 資訊 系統(tǒng) 1970 年代 1980 年代 1990 年代 2023 年代企業(yè)應(yīng)用軟體 M R P M R P I I E R P E E R P應(yīng)用範(fàn)圍 部門 工廠 企業(yè) 供應(yīng)鏈資訊系統(tǒng)架構(gòu) M ai n f r a m e M i n i c om put er C l i en t / S er v e r W eb C om pu t i n g需求重點 成本 品質(zhì) 速度 ( 交期 ) 協(xié)同規(guī)劃 (彈性 )市場特性 大眾市場 區(qū)隔市場 利基市場 一對一少樣大量 多樣少量 多樣大量 大量客製生產(chǎn)模式產(chǎn)品供給導(dǎo)向 客戶需求導(dǎo)向資料來源 : 資策會 MIC IT IS計畫 11 企業(yè)應(yīng)用軟體演變趨勢 EBusiness (電子企業(yè)環(huán)境 ) ESCM (延伸型供應(yīng)鏈管理 ) EERP (延伸型企業(yè)資源規(guī)畫 ) ECommerce (電子商務(wù) ) SFA (銷售自動化 ) CRM (客戶關(guān)係管理 ) SCM (供應(yīng)鏈管理 ) ERP (企業(yè)資源規(guī)畫 ) MRP (物料需求規(guī)劃 ) Payroll (薪資系統(tǒng) ) GL (總帳會計 ) AP (應(yīng)收帳款系統(tǒng) ) AR (應(yīng)付帳款系統(tǒng) ) 1970 1990 2023 EDI (電子資訊交換 ) Planning (計劃 ) Scheduling (排程 ) Distribution (配銷 ) MRP II (製造需求規(guī)劃 ) HR (人力資源 ) FMIS (財務(wù)系統(tǒng) ) 1980 資料來源： HP簡報 12 EBusiness Application Architecture =emerce Ebusiness +ERP +SCM +MES/MCS +KM +CRM Customer Employee Supplier EProcurement Customer Relationship Management Enterprise Applications Integration Manufacturing Execution Manufacturing Control Knowledge Management Supply Chain Management Enterprise Resource Planning 13 製造環(huán)境分類 ? 以製造策略分類 ? Job Shop (零工型 ) ? Repetitive (重複型 ) ? Batch (批量型 ) ? Flow Shop (流線型 ) ? 以產(chǎn)品定位策略分類 – Engineeringtoorder – Maketoorder – Assembletoorder – Maketostock 種類數(shù) 量123414 製造環(huán)境 Repetitive production Product Job shop Flow shop Custom Low volume differentiated High volume differentiated Commodity Specialty chemicals and drugs Aerospace Industrial machinery Machine tools Electrical and electronics Paper Containers Brewers Automobile Tire and rubber Steel products Major chemicals and drugs Oil Steel Forest products Process Source: Taylor et al., hy the Process Industries Are Different,?Production and Inventory Management Journal, 1981. Oneofakind PERT/CPM MRP。 CRP MRP。 roughcut approaches are very practical 32 Bill of Resource (Bill of Labor) ? 資源清單 (BOR。 ? 不是為了作為途程 (Routing)用途。 33 RCCP Procedure ? Converting units of product in the MPS to standard hours of work in individual centers ? To accumulate in each period in the MPS the total hours of work required to produce all products scheduled in that period – no LT offsetting – no lotsizing – no significant changes in inventories of items 34 Routing for Product X Product X SEQ Work Center Usage OP 1 1 hrs/pc OP 2 2 hrs/pc 1 2 4 3 8 7 6 5 PERIODS Planned Order Released Product X 100 50 80 100 40 60 90 35 Routing for Assy01 Assy01 1 2 4 3 8 7 6 5 PERIODS Planned Order Released Assy01 SEQ Work Center Usage OP 1 2 hrs/pc OP 2 3 hrs/pc 100 50 80 200 180 40 60 90 36 Resource Load Profile Work Center 2 0 50 100 150 200 250 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Period Load Others Assy01 Pro X Capacity 37 BOM for FG 階層 零件 數(shù)量 /母項 說明 0 1 2 210011012112212610FGs ub a s s e m b l yc o m po n e n t Ac o m po n e n t B38 Item Master Files for FG I t em Or derQu an t i t yOn H an d On Or der Du eDateL ea d T i m e A l l oca t ed100110121122L 4L40024006000050015002500250400240060007/ 37/ 107/ 107/ 101 wee k2 wee ks3 wee ks4 wee ks000039 Routing Files for FG P a rts W o rkCe n