【正文】 ity, herbal, and earthy flavors in these fullbodied wines is followed by a rich fruit finish. Whiteafter age develop a slightly oxidized, nutty overtone, with dried fruit, marmalade, and white truffle notes. Hermitage:同時擁有紅酒和白酒 . 紅酒 較深的顏色帶有許多水果 , 草藥和鮮花的味道 , 酒體飽滿 , 以豐富的水果味道收尾 . 白酒 經(jīng)過陳年后發(fā)展出來的味道 , 帶有些微的被氧化的味道 , 堅果 ,干果 , 果醬和白松露的味道 . The Southern Rhone ? Here the climate changes from continental to Mediterranean, mild winter and hot summer. Sandy soil amongst the rough, rocky scrubland, the garrigues. ? 本區(qū)是地中海氣候 , 溫暖的冬季 , 炎熱的夏季 , 土壤以沙地為主 , 多分布在灌木叢中 . ? Red grape: Grenach, Syrah, Cinsault and Mourvedre. ? White grape: Clairette and Grenach Blanc. The Southern Rhone ? Regions and wines產(chǎn)區(qū)與葡萄酒 ? Cote du Rhone and Cote du Rhone Villages, all quality wines take the name of the mune. The most important are: ? Cote du Rhone 和 Cote du Rhone Villages都是使用公社 /村莊命名的高品質(zhì)葡萄酒 , 最重要的是 : ? TavelProducing dry, full bodied rose, made by vinifying black and white grapes together. ? Tavel—用紅白葡萄混合釀制酒體飽滿 , 干的 , 粉紅葡萄酒 . ? Gigondas and Vacqueyrasboth originally Cote du Rhone villages. The wines were sufficiently good to be given their own ACs for red wines. ? Gigondas and Vacqueyras—最早起源于 Cote du Rhone villages. 因為酒的品質(zhì)較高 , 所以有了自己的 AC. The Southern Rhone ? ChateauneufduPape—a very large district containing many properties. The production is almost entirely red. As stated earlier, the area takes its name from the castle built by the pope, which is now overlooking the village. ? ChateauneufduPape—一個比較大的區(qū)域被劃分成小的地區(qū) ,所釀造的葡萄酒幾乎都是紅的 , 其名字沿用了當(dāng)時由羅馬教皇建在半山坡上的城堡的名字 . ? Many of the vineyards are covered with large stones, called pudding stones, which reflect the heat on to the grapes ripening them very thoroughly. ? 很多酒園都被一種叫做 pudding stones的巨大巖石遮掩著 , 這些巖石可以反射陽光 , 保持溫度 , 使葡萄能夠徹底的成熟 . ? The alcohol levels of these wines are high, the minimum required being %. ? 要求的酒精含量比較高 , 至少要達到 . Provence ? The styles of wine are mainly dry rose and red. ? 生產(chǎn)的葡萄酒大多數(shù)為干的粉紅葡萄酒和紅酒 . ? The climate is Mediterranean and there are considerable variations in the soil. ? 屬于地中海氣候 ,土壤類型眾多 . ? Grape varieties are similar to those in the Southern Rhone. ? 葡萄品種與南羅納河谷的相似 . ? The main quality wine districts are the ACs Cote de Provence and Coteauxd’AixenPrvence, both producing large quantities of red and rose wines. ? 主要的品質(zhì)葡萄酒是 ACs Cote de Provence and Coteauxd’AixenPrvence, 都大量的生產(chǎn)干的粉紅葡萄酒和紅酒 . LanguedocRoussillon ? This area is a great arc spreading from the Rhone estuary to the Spanish border and produces one third of all French wines. It is monly known as the Midi. ? 本地區(qū)處于西班牙邊界的羅納河河口處 , 是一個弧形地帶 , 其產(chǎn)酒量占法國的 1/3. 這里還以數(shù)碼音響出名 . ? In the past it has been the source of cheap and plentiful, basic drinking wine. Today there is greater emphasis on quality and many good wines are being produced. ? 過去這里生產(chǎn)大量的 , 便宜的 , 容易入口的葡萄酒 , 如今人們更加重視葡萄酒的品質(zhì) , 也開始生產(chǎn)高品質(zhì)的葡萄酒 . ? Grape =Southern Rhone. Important Appellations include Fitou, Cotes du Roussillon, Corbieres and Minervois. Chapter four Wines of France Loire Valley Loire Valley history ? Before the English acquired Bordeaux, the Loire was their main source of French wine. After this trade disappeared, the Dutch became the major customers for Loire wines, it was the Dutch who introduced white grapes rather than the traditional black ones. ? 在英國占領(lǐng)波爾多之前 , 盧瓦爾是法國主要的產(chǎn)酒區(qū) . 這些交易消失后 , 荷蘭人成了這里主要的消費者 , 是荷蘭人把白葡萄品種引進盧瓦爾地區(qū)的 . ? The Loire is the longest river in France. ? 盧瓦爾河是法國最長的河流 . ? The four main wine areas lie between the Atlantic and the centre of France. The Loire produces all styles of wine。 for a part of the generic white wines. Gamay for a part of the generic red wines n n Pinot noir Great red wines 100% Pinot Noir Chardonnay Great white wines 100% Chardonnay BIVB/D/ GADENNE BIVB/MUZARD JP The Classification 1,7% The Cru pyramid Breakdown of production 33 GRANDS CRUS 570 PREMIERS CRUS 44 VILLAGE AOCs 26 REGIONAL AOCs (generic) 15% 30% 53% The classification of the appellations is linked to the terroirs: 分級制度與 Terroir緊密相連 . nThe richer and more plex the terroir: the higher up it is located in the hierarchical system of appellations, and the lower its authorised production. nTerroir 越是豐富，復(fù)雜，級別相應(yīng)的就會越高 .只有經(jīng)過嚴(yán)厲的審核才會被批準(zhǔn) n This classification is includes 4 categories Understanding Burgundy39。 Wines of France Map of France Quality Gradings ? French wines are divided into two categories, table wine and quality wine. ? 法國的葡萄酒被分成兩大種類 ,餐桌酒和高品質(zhì)葡萄酒 . ? “Quality Wine Produced in a Specified Region” or QWPSR. ? 高品質(zhì)的葡萄酒產(chǎn)地是被指定的 . ? All quality wines are subject to controls on the area of production, type of grape varieties, permitted minimum alcoholic content and methods of viticulture and vinification. ? 所有高品質(zhì)葡萄酒的生產(chǎn)和釀制過程都受到嚴(yán)格的監(jiān)控 , 包括葡萄的品種 , 最低的酒精標(biāo)準(zhǔn) , 葡萄的栽培技術(shù)和釀酒工藝 , 等等 . Quality gradings ? Table wine 餐桌酒 (a) Vin de table. Lowest (b) Produced anywhere in the country, often blend. They are simple, everyday drinking wines, usually made for early consumption. (c) 葡萄酒和葡萄品種可以來自法國的任何地方 , 經(jīng)常是混合型的 , 比較容易入