【正文】 們爭相保衛(wèi)的金盒也并非相小說中所描述的那樣易于獲取。這是行為主義的觀點(diǎn)。C. 與此形成對照的是，行為主義者認(rèn)為, 成績的差異是由于黑人常常被剝奪了白人在教育及其他外界環(huán)境方面所享有的許多有利條件而造成的。32）Behaviourists, in contrast, say that difference in scores are due to the fact that blacks are often deprived of many of the educational and other environmental advantages that whites enjoy. A. 相反，行為主義者稱：成績上的差異是因?yàn)榘兹四芟硎艿浇逃约捌渌h(huán)境方面的有利條件，而黑人卻享受不到。C. 我們正在朝著食物及其市場的危機(jī)挺進(jìn)，這所反映出的問題實(shí)際上就是人口的增長將遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)超過食物的增長。31）The food supply will not increase nearly enough to match that of population, which means that we are heading into a crisis in the matter of producing and marketing food. A. 食品的供應(yīng)將趕不上人口的增長, 這就意味著我們在糧食的生產(chǎn)和購銷方面正陷入危機(jī)。C. 說明人的大腦的思維過程只不過是調(diào)查研究的必然手段，對一切現(xiàn)象要進(jìn)行合理、精確的闡述是解決問題的關(guān)鍵。 it is simply the mode by which all phenomena are reasoned about and given precise and exact explanations. A. 做科學(xué)的調(diào)查研究算不了什么，更重要的是要對人類的思維進(jìn)行必要的描述，也就是說，通過這種方式，對所有的現(xiàn)象要進(jìn)行理性的梳理，并給出精確的解釋。D. 在腦袋瓜子里僅靠想像就找到解決問題的方法，他根本就不愿意承認(rèn)這一點(diǎn)。B. 他不愿意承認(rèn)的是，他不能袖手旁觀，僅僅靠紙上談兵就解決問題。D. 二戰(zhàn)期間16年的監(jiān)獄生涯，在匈牙利渡過后，他已經(jīng)不想分權(quán)于有民族主義傾向的匈牙利共產(chǎn)黨人了。B. 他還是一位老牌的斯大林主義者，曾在兩次世界大戰(zhàn)之間的時期在匈牙利監(jiān)獄呆了１６年，此時此刻他不愿與民族主義的匈牙利共產(chǎn)黨人分享權(quán)力。D. 不管怎么說，葡萄牙政府軍遭受的攻擊使其傷亡慘重，里斯本當(dāng)局說這都是游擊隊(duì)干的，時間是1970年3月。C. 盡管如此，里斯本政府所承認(rèn)該事件發(fā)生的時間是70年3月份。27）Even so the Lisbon government admitted in March 1970 that a major attack had been launched by guerrillas who were armed with mortars and automatic weapons and who inflicted many Portuguese casualties. A. 即便如此，里斯本政府仍于1970年3月承認(rèn)，配備迫擊炮和自動武器的游擊隊(duì)已發(fā)動了一次大規(guī)模的進(jìn)攻，使葡萄牙人蒙受重大傷亡。D. 一個比較某個極端的例子是夏威夷和巴西，在那里，種族混合十分廣泛，而且還在延續(xù)。B. 夏威夷和巴西的種族歧視相對來說不嚴(yán)重，因?yàn)槟抢锞幼〉姆N族本來就很復(fù)雜，而且有其歷史淵源，這是個很明顯的例子。26）At one extreme are Hawii and Brazil, where racial intermixture is extensive and continuing, and where racial discrimination is relatively minor. A. 極端的情況是，夏威夷和巴西都是種族混雜的區(qū)域，規(guī)模既大，持續(xù)時間又長。這個希望的產(chǎn)生是因?yàn)樗〉玫膫ゴ蟮膭倮?。旭烈兀是個佛教徒，而他的妻子是基督教徒。s grandson, Hulagu, who was a Buddhist, and whose wife was a Christian. A. 這個希望之所以重新燃起是因?yàn)槌杉己沟膶O子旭烈兀取得了偉大的勝利，他信奉佛教，其妻信奉基督。D. 眾人發(fā)奮又圖強(qiáng)，內(nèi)心深處藏理想，慷慨捐軀為國死，肝腦涂地逞宏祥。B. 曾幾何時，幾多國人為此理想拋頭顱、灑熱血，該理想理當(dāng)每位國人之至愛。24）They are striving for the ideal which is close to the heart of every Chinese and for which, in the past, many Chinese have laid down their lives. A. 他們正在為實(shí)現(xiàn)這個理想而奮斗, 這個理想是每個中國人所珍愛的。C. 毫不奇怪，蘇丹出現(xiàn)了最復(fù)雜的政治構(gòu)建，長途貿(mào)易高度發(fā)達(dá)，伊斯蘭教的影響最為強(qiáng)烈。23）Not Surprisingly, the most plex political structures appeared in the Sudan, where long distance trade was most highly developed and where Islamic influence was the strongest. A. 令人吃驚的是，最復(fù)雜的政治構(gòu)架竟然出現(xiàn)在蘇丹，那里長度貿(mào)易發(fā)展得與伊斯蘭教的勢力相一致，貿(mào)易越發(fā)達(dá)，影響就越大。C. 這些都在一定程度上說明，中國的發(fā)明，希臘的創(chuàng)新，羅馬的古物，只有在歐洲才有可能得到完全的研發(fā)和繼承。22） And it helps to explain why so many inventions that were of Chinese origin or that had been known to the GrecoRomans, were fully developed and exploited only by the Western Europeans. A. 文明古文化發(fā)達(dá)的地方，如中國、希臘、羅馬等都無法和西歐相抗衡，因?yàn)樵S多發(fā)明只有在歐洲才派得上真正的用場。C. 歷史的開端就有人預(yù)料到現(xiàn)代世界所擁有的幾乎是一切有重大意義的事務(wù)。21） Almost everything which really matters and which the world possessed at the mencement of the modern age was already known to man at the dawn of history. A. 現(xiàn)代世界開始的時候所擁有的一切，幾乎在歷史的源頭上就已經(jīng)有人知曉。C. 理想主義者認(rèn)為感性知識不一定是理性知識的必由之路。20）Anyone who thinks that rational knowledge need not be derived from perceptual knowledge is an idealist. A. 如果認(rèn)為理性知識不必由感性知識得來, 那他就是一個唯心主義者。C. 同樣在東部地區(qū)，有塞爾柱突厥人，他們在從中亞家鄉(xiāng)進(jìn)入伊斯蘭教帝國以后，就為巴格達(dá)的統(tǒng)治者賣命，成為了他們的雇傭軍。19）Likewise in the east were the Seljuk Turks who had infiltrated from their Central asinan homeland into the Islamic Empire where they were employed as mercenaries by the Baghdad caliphs. A. 同樣，在東方是塞爾柱突厥人，他們從家鄉(xiāng)中亞進(jìn)入伊斯蘭教帝國；在那里被巴格達(dá)哈里發(fā)雇為雇傭軍。C. 這樣一來，阿拉伯哈里發(fā)的烏瑪耶德王朝就于661年從麥丁遷都大馬士革，在征服戰(zhàn)爭完成后毫無作為，很有理由被認(rèn)為是一個寄生集團(tuán)。18）Thus the Arab Umayyed dynasty of caliphs, which had moved the capital from Medine to Damascus in 661, came to be regarded with much justification as a parasitic clique that had outlived its usefulness once the conquests were pleted. A. 人們開始理由充分地認(rèn)為，阿拉伯伍麥葉里發(fā)王