【正文】 s have energy. ①This passage can be used as listening materials. 不定式短語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ)和被修飾詞之間表示以下關(guān)系： ④Would you please give me some paper to write on? ②Have you anything to be taken to your sister? 如： ⒈不定式作定語(yǔ) ⑥The story told by is interesting. ④Our work is serving the people. 當(dāng)主語(yǔ)是aim,duty,hope,idea,mista ke,plan,purpose,suggestion等為中心詞的名詞詞組（例②）時(shí)，或以what引導(dǎo)的名詞性分句（例③），不定 式說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的內(nèi)容。 ③What I would suggest is to put off the meeting. ①To be kind to the enemy is to be cruel to the people. 不定式作表語(yǔ)表示具體動(dòng)作或?qū)?lái)動(dòng)作；動(dòng)名詞作表語(yǔ)表示抽象的一般行為。 They left off to go fishing. It39。 ⑦leave off to do 離開(kāi)某地去干什么（目的狀語(yǔ)） We39。 He went on to talk about world 。 ⑥go on to do 做不同的事或不同內(nèi)容的事 Sorry I have lots of work to I can39。 They couldn39。t help doing 禁不住…… d better stop arguing and do as you are told. On the way to the airport,I stopped to buy a paper. ④stop to do 停下一件事去做另一件事（不定式作目的狀語(yǔ)） You should try to overe your shortings. ③try to do 設(shè)法盡力做某事 I meant to catch up with the early bus. ②mean to do 打算做某事 We regret to tell you that all of you are not invited toattend the meeting. Remember to close the windows before you leave. t forget fo post the letter for me. 如： t permit us to swim in the lake. t permit our swimming in the lake. 如： was happening. ②當(dāng)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞begin,continue,start等是進(jìn)行式時(shí)，如：Thestudents are starting to work on the di fficult maths problem. ①hate,like,love前有would(should)時(shí)，如：I39。 ⒊部分動(dòng)詞后面，既可接動(dòng)詞不定式，也可接動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)，意義不變。 動(dòng)名詞前的介詞有時(shí)可以省略，如：have difficulty(in)doing,have no trouble(in)doing,lose no ti me(in)doing,prevent/stop…(from)doing,there is no use(in)doing等。 I should go to attend the birthday celebration instead of staying at home. You must give up smoking, for it does too much harm toyour health. 如： ①以下動(dòng)詞后，只能接動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)，如：admit,appreciate,consider,delay,enjoy,finish,keep,imag ine,mind,miss,practise,resist,risk,save,suggest,don39。 On Sunday afternoon I had nothing to do but watch TV. 如： ③介詞but,except,besides+to do(do) We think it quite important for us to learn a foreignlanguage well. ②當(dāng)復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)中的賓語(yǔ)是不定式時(shí)，先用形式賓語(yǔ)it代替不定式，把不定式置于補(bǔ)語(yǔ)之后，即：主語(yǔ)＋動(dòng) 詞＋it＋補(bǔ)語(yǔ)＋to do句式。 When our visit to the farm was over,we expected to startback on foot. I decided to ask for my money back. 如：agree,ask,aim,arrange,choose,decide,demand,expect,fail ,help,hope,lean,long,manage,offer,plan,prepare,pretend,promise,refuse,wish等，這些詞大部分可接th at引導(dǎo)的從句。 ⒈不定式作賓語(yǔ) t know the rules. It39。 ②動(dòng)名詞結(jié)構(gòu)作主語(yǔ)，可以用名詞或代詞屬格形式作邏輯主語(yǔ)。 It39。 It39。 ①不定式作主語(yǔ)經(jīng)常表示具體動(dòng)作，常與特定的動(dòng)作執(zhí)行者聯(lián)系在一起；而動(dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ)經(jīng)常表示抽象動(dòng) 作，經(jīng)常不與特定的動(dòng)作執(zhí)行者聯(lián)系在一起。 在這一結(jié)構(gòu)中，動(dòng)名詞后常帶賓語(yǔ)，相當(dāng)于It39。 ③There is no+doing 這樣用的形容詞有expensive,nice,tiring等，但important,necessary則不適用于這種結(jié)構(gòu)，應(yīng)用不定式 代替，如：It39。 It39。 ②It39。 It39。 It39。 ①I(mǎi)t39。 動(dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，也常用It句式。 ⒉動(dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ) 這一句式有時(shí)相當(dāng)于Sb is＋形容詞＋to do句式 ，如：It39。 在句型③中，常用表示客觀(guān)情況的形容詞，如：difficult,easy,hard,important,impossible,necessary 等；在句型④中，常用careless,clever,good,foolish,honest,kind,lazy,nice,right,silly,stupid,wise等 表示贊揚(yáng)或批評(píng)的詞。 ⑤It seems(appears)＋形容詞＋to do ④It＋be＋形容詞＋of sb＋to do ③It＋be＋形容詞＋for sb＋to do ②It takes sb+some time+to do It39。如： To get there by bike will take us half an hour. (1)把不定式置于句首。下面再舉一些雙寫(xiě)的例子： 　　run running 　　stop stopping 　　cut cutting 　　control controlling回復(fù) 取消 動(dòng)詞不定式、動(dòng)名詞用法要點(diǎn)講解詳細(xì)內(nèi)容⒈不定式作主語(yǔ) 現(xiàn)在分詞的變化規(guī)則是固定的，大家用心記一下就可以了。 　　現(xiàn)在分詞是在動(dòng)詞后加上ing 構(gòu)成。如：sing—sang, give—gave, sit—sat, drink—drank 　　但也有例外，如get的過(guò)去式是got，與第一條不符，僅僅是大多數(shù)動(dòng)詞符合。如：blow—blew, draw—drew, know—knew, grow—grew 　　，將雙寫(xiě)改為單寫(xiě)，在詞尾加t。如:build—built, lend—lent, send—sent, spend—spent 　　3. 以n結(jié)尾的詞，在詞后加t。如：wanted, needed 　　不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式大體上歸納有以下六條記憶法： 　　1. 以t結(jié)尾的詞，過(guò)去式與原形相同。如：asked, helped, watched, stopped 　　2. 在濁輔音和元音后讀作[d]。t. (不，我沒(méi)病。t late yesterday. (我們昨天沒(méi)遲到) 　　疑問(wèn)句：Was (Were) +主語(yǔ)+表語(yǔ) 　　如： Do you sick yesterday? （你昨天病了嗎？） 　　肯定回答： Yes, I was. (是的，我病了。 are的過(guò)去式為were. 　　構(gòu)成： 　　肯定句：主語(yǔ)+was (were) +表語(yǔ) 　　如：I was late yesterday. （昨天我遲到了。 　　I went to the park last weekend. （我是上周去的公園） 　　在上面的句子中第一句屬于be動(dòng)詞的一般過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)； 　　第二句和第三句屬于實(shí)義動(dòng)詞go的一般過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)。 　　如： 　　I was born in 1990. (我出生在1990年)。謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用一般過(guò)去式。 I went to the Tian Long Mountain yesterday. 昨天我們?nèi)チ颂忑埳?。小學(xué)常見(jiàn)的動(dòng)詞不規(guī)則過(guò)去式如：是be/is/am/are was, 是are were, 來(lái)ecame, 去go went, 有have had, 做/干do did, 做make made 讀read read, 放put put, 切割cut cut,寫(xiě)write wrote, 帶走take took, 買(mǎi)buy bought, 帶來(lái)bring brought,想think thought, 看見(jiàn)see saw, 說(shuō)say said, 說(shuō)話(huà)speak spoke,打破break broke, 得到get got, 跑run ran, 告訴tell told,唱sing sang, 喝drink drank, 吃eat ate, 游泳swim swam,開(kāi)始begin began, 偷steal stole, 遇見(jiàn)meet met, 賣(mài)sell sold, 坐sit sat,跑runran,讀readread,想要wantwant,知道know/known等等 　　表示過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻或某一段時(shí)間內(nèi)所發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或情況，通常一般過(guò)去式帶有表示動(dòng)作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)的詞，詞組或從句,如 yesterday, the day before last, last week, two days ago 等,上下文清楚時(shí)可以不帶時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。例：trytried studystudied 　　4．重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾的，詞尾只有一個(gè)輔音字母，雙寫(xiě)詞尾輔音字母+ ed。 　　例：looklooked wantwanted listen listened 　　2．以e結(jié)尾的詞直接+ d。t. 　　☆實(shí)意動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式：(1)肯定句：主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式 　　例：He played football last watched TV last night. 　　(2)否定句：主語(yǔ)+ did not +動(dòng)詞原形 　　例：He did not play football last didn’t watch TV last night. 　　(3)一般疑問(wèn)句：Did +主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞原形 例：Did he play football last week? 　　回答：Yes, he did./ No, he didn39。 she nine two years ago? Yes, she was. / No, she wasn39。 　　例：She often came to help me at that time. 　?。骸頑e動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式： (1)肯定句：主語(yǔ)+ be動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式（was, were） 　　例：He was ill yesterday. She was nine two years were my students long long ago. 　　(2)否定句：主語(yǔ)+ be動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式（was, were）+ not 　　例：He was not ill was not nine two years were not my students long long ago. 　　(3)一般疑問(wèn)句：直接把be動(dòng)詞提到句首。 　　例：We had a good time last week. 　　2．表示過(guò)去連續(xù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作時(shí)，要用過(guò)去式。 　?。阂话氵^(guò)去時(shí)是表示在過(guò)去的時(shí)間里發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，通常與表示過(guò)去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。 I worked in that factory last year. 去年我在那一家工廠(chǎng)工作。有的變化部分讀音也是有規(guī)律的。如以上的：make made，get got ，buy bought ，e came ，flyflew ，bringbrought，teachtaught, thinkthought, saysaid,sitsat. readread, spendspent,givegave