【正文】 boy playing by the river. 我發(fā)現(xiàn)那個失蹤的男孩在河邊玩。Don’t have your guest standing there and ask him to sit down. 不要讓客人站在那里, 請他入坐。a. 感官動詞，使役動詞：feel, hear, look at, listen to, notice, observe , see, watch, have, make可接ing form 作賓語的補足語。請看下面的比較：swimming pool 游泳池( the pool for swimming) working people 勞動人民( the people who are working) reading material 閱讀材料 sleeping child 熟睡孩子 walking stick 手杖 floating needle 浮針 opening speech 開幕詞 oppressing class壓迫階級 listening aid 助聽器 developing countries 發(fā)展中國家 waiting room 候車室 running water 自來水 The sleeping child is only five years old. Do you know the man standing at the gate? 注：ing形式作定語用時，如果ing只是一個單詞，就位于其修飾的名詞之前，如果是ing短語，就位于其修飾的名詞之后，ing作定語時，被ing所修飾的名詞就是該ing的邏輯主語。②do+限定詞（my, some, any, the等）+ ing，表示“做…事”之意，如：We often do our cleaning on Saturday afternoon. Will you do any shopping on Saturday this afternoon?③作介詞的賓語：Her sister is good at learning physics.；④ 作形容詞worth, busy等的賓語：This book is well worth reading. –ing作賓語帶有賓語補足語時，要用it作為形式賓語，而將作賓語的ing后置，如：We found it no good talking like that. Do you think it necessary trying again?（4）作定語：動名詞作定語的情況并不是很普遍，因為多數(shù)情況僅限于單個的動名詞作定語。記’”“盡力”“停止后悔”。The book is worth reading . 這本書值得一讀。The problem requires studying carefully .這個問題需要認(rèn)真研究。例如：Your car needs filling . 你這車要充氣了。但是在很多情況下，我們常用動名詞的一般被動形式；避免使用動名詞被動式的完成形式，因為它會使句子顯得累贅。He can39。t mind being left alone at home .她不介意被一人留在家里。His being elected our chairman made us think of a lot .他當(dāng)選為我們的主席使我們想起了許多許多。例如：People hate being praised for nothing .人們不喜歡無緣無故的贊揚。當(dāng)動名詞在句子中的邏輯主語在意義上是動名詞動作的賓語時，我們應(yīng)當(dāng)用動名詞的被動形式。He apologized for interrupting us .他因打斷了我們的談話而向我們道歉。例如：I don39。當(dāng)然，上面所將的也并不是絕對的。I regret having said some rude words to my brother .（完成式）我后悔對我弟弟說了些粗話。She likes making herself busy all the day .（一般式）她喜歡使自己終日忙忙碌碌的。當(dāng)我們要強調(diào)說明動名詞動作發(fā)生于謂語動作之前時，多用動名詞的完成式；如果無意具體說明動名詞動作發(fā)生于什么時候，或是動名詞動作與謂語動作是同時發(fā)生時，就只用動名詞的一般式。They are against using so many animals in experiments .（作表語）他們反對用如此多的動物去做試驗。On hearing our delegation in Sydney had won 28 gold medals , all the Chinese people cheered up with great joy and showed their great respects to our athletes . （作狀語）當(dāng)聽到我國在悉尼的奧運代表團獲得了28塊金牌時，全中國人民都高興地歡呼起來，并向我們的運動健兒們表示崇高的敬意。d. 動名詞作介詞的賓語，并與介詞一起構(gòu)成介詞短語在句子里擔(dān)當(dāng)定語、狀語、表語，如：I39。ll try to finish the position of the book by October .（盡力完成 ）我要盡力在十月以前完成這本書的寫作。The boy tried installing his puter and succeed at last . （試著安裝 ）那個男孩試著安裝他的電腦，最后成功了。Let39。 stop后接動名詞表示要停止動名詞表示的動作，而后接不定式則表示終止目前的動作去做不定式表示的動作 ；try后接動名詞表示試著干某事，而后接不定式則表示盡力干某事 。He ceased smoking when he got something wrong with his lung .當(dāng)他的肺部出了毛病時，他停止吸煙了。They started developing the new product in 1999 .1999年他們開始研制那種新產(chǎn)品。例如：She began learning to cook before her marriage .她是婚前開始學(xué)燒飯的。I regret to say I am not prepared well enough for the new post .很遺憾地說，我還沒有為新的職位作好充分的準(zhǔn)備。ll remember to post the letter for you .我會記得幫你將信發(fā)出去的。例如：I remember having posted the letter today .我記得今天把那封信發(fā)出去了。She prefers to go swimming this afternoon .今天下午她要去游泳。Davis hates to talk about that topic at next meeting .戴維斯不想在下次會議上談那個話題。She likes to go dancing with her colleagues this weekend.這個周末她想和同事一塊兒去跳舞。`C. 有些及物動詞后也是既可用動名詞作賓語，也可用不定式作賓語，但是兩種結(jié)構(gòu)在意義上存在一定的差別：在like , love , hate , prefer等詞后，若表示強調(diào)某種愛好、一般性的傾向，需用動名詞作賓語；如指某次將發(fā)生的具體行為，則多用不定式作賓語。I like playing ( to play ) chess with you , but not today .我喜歡和你下棋，但不是今天。例如：Do you prefer strolling outside or staying inside ( to stroll outside or to stay inside ) ? 你是想在外面散步，還是想呆在室內(nèi) ？I can39。t afford (付不起) , can39。為了方便記憶，現(xiàn)總結(jié)一些技巧和口訣： 1．通常只能接動詞ing 形式作賓語的動詞(或動詞短語)： 建議抵制享受——(suggest， advise； resist； enjoy) 考慮承認(rèn)冒險——(consider； admit； risk) 避免推遲實踐——(avoid； delay； practise) 期待成功完成——(look forward to； succeed in； finish)b. 有些及物動詞后既可用動名詞作賓語，也可用不定式作賓語，兩種結(jié)構(gòu)在意義上差別不大。The office needs cleaning thoroughly . ( = … to be cleaned thoroughly .) 這間辦公室需要徹底打掃。When he came back home from his night shift , Jason tried to avoid wakening his family當(dāng)杰遜下夜班回到家時，他盡力不弄醒他的家人。Excuse my interrupting you for a while .請原諒我打擾你一會兒。After hearing the funny story , all of us couldn39。t stand, think of, dream of, be fond of, prevent…(from),keep …from, stop…（from）,protect…from, set about, be engaged