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re to see what would happen. 不定式作主語補(bǔ)足語,和主語構(gòu)成一種邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系。 (5)部分短語動詞后,常接不定式作賓補(bǔ),如: ①I didn39。 如:The man standing at the school gate is Professor Hua. 不定式短語作定語和被修飾詞之間表示以下關(guān)系: ⑥The story told by is interesting. 不定式作表語表示具體動作或?qū)韯幼?;動名詞作表語表示抽象的一般行為。 ⑦leave off to do 離開某地去干什么(目的狀語) He went on to talk about world 。d better stop arguing and do as you are told. You should try to overe your shortings. We regret to tell you that all of you are not invited toattend the meeting. 如: t permit us to swim in the lake. 如: 如: On Sunday afternoon I had nothing to do but watch TV. We think it quite important for us to learn a foreignlanguage well. I decided to ask for my money back. ⒈不定式作賓語 It39。 It39。 ①不定式作主語經(jīng)常表示具體動作,常與特定的動作執(zhí)行者聯(lián)系在一起;而動名詞作主語經(jīng)常表示抽象動 作,經(jīng)常不與特定的動作執(zhí)行者聯(lián)系在一起。 在這一結(jié)構(gòu)中,動名詞后常帶賓語,相當(dāng)于It39。 ⒉動名詞作主語 ③It+be+形容詞+for sb+to do 如: (1)把不定式置于句首?,F(xiàn)在分詞的變化規(guī)則是固定的,大家用心記一下就可以了。如:blow—blew, draw—drew, know—knew, grow—grew ,將雙寫改為單寫,在詞尾加t。t. (不,我沒病。 如: I was born in 1990. (我出生在1990年)。例:trytried studystudied 4.重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾的,詞尾只有一個(gè)輔音字母,雙寫詞尾輔音字母+ ed。 例:She often came to help me at that time. :☆Be動詞的過去式: (1)肯定句:主語+ be動詞的過去式(was, were) 例:He was ill yesterday. She was nine two years were my students long long ago. (2)否定句:主語+ be動詞的過去式(was, were)+ not 例:He was not ill was not nine two years were not my students long long ago. (3)一般疑問句:直接把be動詞提到句首。有的變化部分讀音也是有規(guī)律的。t,同時(shí)還原行為動詞;一般疑問句Did+主語+do+其他。 【過去時(shí)態(tài)】表示行為、動作和狀態(tài)在各種時(shí)間條件下的動詞形式。如: am,is—was,are—were,build—built,do—did,eat—ate,fall—fell,feel—felt,find—found,fly—flew,go—went,have /has— had,hold—held,leave—left,make—made,may—might,run—ran,see—saw,take—took 過去式“ed”的發(fā)音規(guī)則 (1)動詞詞尾為“t,d”時(shí),發(fā)/ id /音, want →wanted (要)need →needed (需要) (2)動詞詞尾為清輔音時(shí),發(fā)/ t / 音。如: break—broke,speak—spoke 8.動詞原形中的ell改為old,變成過去式。動詞過去式變化規(guī)則及其讀音規(guī)則規(guī)則動詞的過去式變化如下: 一般情況下,動詞詞尾加 ed ,如: work worked playplayed wantedwanted actacted 以不發(fā)音的 e 結(jié)尾動詞,動詞詞尾加 d,如: livelived movemoved tastetasted hopehoped 以輔音字母 + y結(jié)尾的動詞,把y變?yōu)閕 再加ed,如: studystudied copycopied crycried carrycarried 以一個(gè)輔音字母結(jié)尾的重讀閉音節(jié)動詞,雙寫詞尾輔音字母,再加 ed,如: stop stopped 不規(guī)則動詞的過去式變化規(guī)律性不強(qiáng),須多加記憶。如: keep—kept,sleep—slept,sweep—swept 7.動詞原形中的eak改為oke,變成過去式。如: let—let,must—must,put—put,read—read〔red〕 15.不符合上述規(guī)律的動詞過去式。 過去習(xí)慣性、經(jīng)常性的動作、行為;過去主語所具備的能力和性格。t ?、谠谛袨閯釉~前加didn39。 仔細(xì)看一看,能發(fā)現(xiàn)它們的一些變化規(guī)律,也就是說不需要死記硬背這些過去式,知道了原型和變化規(guī)律,就可以寫出來了。 例:The boy closed the door, turned off the window, and then went to bed. 3. 表示過去一段時(shí)間內(nèi)經(jīng)?;蚍磸?fù)的動作,要用過去式。例:livelived phonephoned 3.以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾, 變y為i加ed。 時(shí)間標(biāo)志:yesterday(昨天), last weekend(上周), last month(上個(gè)月), last year(去年), two months ago(兩個(gè)月前), the day before yesterday(前天),in 1990 (在1990年), in those days (在那些日子里)等表示過去的時(shí)間狀語。) 否定回答: No, I wasn39。如:mean—meant, burn—burnt, learn—learnt / aw結(jié)尾的詞,把ow / aw變成ew。如:starting,working, ing, sitting 等都是現(xiàn)在分詞。 (2)用it作形式主語,把真正的主語不定式置于句后,常用于下列句式中。s our duty to take good care of the old. It seemed impossible to save money. 如: s no good reading in dim light. s+形容詞+doing simportant for you to keep fit. t mind,give up,insist,on, put off等。 What about inviting Li Jun to make a speech? 如:begin,continue,start,hat e,like,love,need,require,want等。 在下列情況下,一般要用不定式: ⒋advise,allow,encourage,forbid,permit等動詞后接動名詞作賓語,或帶不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語。 Our teachers don39。 ①forget,remember,regret后接不定式,表示現(xiàn)在或未來的動作,接動名詞表示動作已經(jīng)發(fā)生。 Have you forgotten meeting her in Beijing Airport? This means wasting a lot of money. You39。 to do不能幫助干…… t help to make up the room for you. s time to leave off talking and to start acting. ②My chief purpose is to point out the difficulties ofthe matter. 四、作定語 ③Do you have anything to say on the question? (2)與被修飾詞之間有動賓關(guān)系,如是不及物動詞,則需加介詞(例④)。 (4)不定式作定語時(shí),一般可轉(zhuǎn)換為定語從句,例①to arrive=that will arrive。 ①②句動名詞作定語說明一種性能,即:用來……的;第③句為現(xiàn)在分詞作定語,單個(gè)分詞作定語常置于 被修飾詞之前,與被修飾詞之間,可構(gòu)成邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系,分詞短語作定語常置于被修飾詞之后。 (2)部分動詞后常接to be+形容詞、名詞短語等形式,有時(shí)to be可省略,如:believe,consider,discov er,find(=consider),feel(=think),imagine,judge,know,prove,think,suppose,see(=understand),understa nd等。 這種句式在變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時(shí),to不能省略,如第②句:Thestudents are made to do too much homework ②The young university student is considered to have great promise. 如: 如:The question raised by thestudent is difficult to answer. 不定式作結(jié)果狀語還常用在下列句式中。 I39。 I39。 ①I39。 常見的短語有to be exact(確切地說),to begin with(首先),to do him justice(說句對他公道的 話),to be sure(真的)等等。 ④The question was where to get the medicine needed. I hope to bee a university student this year.(tobee發(fā)生在hope之后) They seemed to be discussing something important. He went to the hospital to be examined.(不定式作狀語) 如: If a thing is worth doing, it is worth doing well. Why not wait for a couple of days? s quite necessary for us to read more and have morepractice. 不定式的用法不定式的用法 不定式由“to + 動詞原形”構(gòu)成,其否定形式是“not to + 動詞原形”。如: He wanted to go. I find it interesting to study history. 有些動詞后只能用動詞不定式作賓語,必須跟動名詞。如: He is looking for a room to live in. There is nothing to worry about. Please give me a knife to cut with. 但是,不定式所修飾的名詞如果是time,place或way,不定式后面的介詞習(xí)慣上省去。如: My job is to help the patient. 7)作獨(dú)立成分。 There is a lot of work to do. (Somebody has to do the work. ) There is a lot of work to be done. (The work has to be done. ) 請注意下面兩個(gè)句子的含義是不同的: There is nothing to do. (無事可做,感到十分乏味。如: —Are you on holidays ? —No, but I’d like to be. —I didn’t tell him the news. —Oh, you ought to have動詞不定式、動名詞用法要點(diǎn)講解詳細(xì)內(nèi)容⒈不定式作主語 ②It takes sb+some time+to do 在句型③中,常用表示客觀情況的形容詞,如:difficult,easy,hard,important,impossible,necessary 等;在句型④中,常用careless,clever,good,foolish,honest,kind,lazy,nice,right,silly,stupid,wise等 表示贊揚(yáng)或批評的詞。 ①It39。 It39。 It39。 ③There is no+doing t know the rules. 如