語(yǔ)言學(xué)名詞解釋和簡(jiǎn)答題的出題范圍-(修復(fù)的)-文庫(kù)吧資料
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【正文】 elates to the nature of the modity being exchanged. This may be either (a) goodsamp。services or (b) information.10. finite verbal operatorsFiniteness is thus expressed by means of a verbal operator which is either temporal or modal.11. Textual MetafunctionThe textual metafunction enables the realization of the relation between language and context, making the language user produce a text which matches the situation.It refers to the fact that language has mechanisms to make any stretch of spoken or written discourse into coherent and unified texts and make a living passage different from a random list of sentences.It is realized by thematic structure, information structure and cohesion.12. theme and rhemeThe Theme is the element which serves as the point of departure of the message.The remainder of the message, the part in which the Theme is developed, is called the Rheme.As a message structure, a clause consists of a Theme acpanied by a Rheme. The Theme is the first constituent of the clause. All the rest of the clause is simply labelled the Rheme13. experientialismExperientialism assumes that the external reality is constrained by our uniquely human experience.The parts of this external reality to which we have access are largely constrained by the ecological niche we have adapted to and the nature of our embodiment. In other words, language does not directly re?ect the world. Rather, it re?ects our unique human construal of the world: our ‘world view’ as it appears to us through the lens of our embodiment.This view of reality has been termed experientialism or experiential realism by cognitive linguists George Lako? and Mark Johnson. Experiential realism acknowledges that there is an external reality that is re?ected by concepts and by language. However, this reality is mediated by our uniquely human experience which constrains the nature of this reality ‘for us’.14. image schemataAn image schema is a recurring structure within our cognitive processes which establishes patterns of understanding and reasoning. Image schemas are formed from our bodily interactions, from linguistic experience, and from historical context.15. prototype theoryPrototype theory is a mode of graded categorization in cognitive science, where some members of a category are more central than others. For example, when asked to give an example of the concept furniture, chair is more frequently cited than, say, stool. Prototype theory has also been applied in linguistics, as part of the mapping from phonological structure to semantics.二、Directions: Please answer the following questions.1. Why is Saussure calle
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