語言學(xué)名詞解釋和簡答題的出題范圍-(修復(fù)的)(更新版)
【正文】 not only specifies the available options in meaning but also determines the nature of their structural realisations. For example, “John built a new house” can be analysed as a configuration of the functions (功能配置): Actor: John Process: Material: Creation: built Goal: Affected: a new house8. Interpersonal MetafunctionThe INTERPERSONAL FUNCTION embodies all uses of language to express social and personal relations. This includes the various ways the speaker enters a speech situation and performs a speech act.9. basic speech rolesThe most fundamental types of speech role are just two: (i) giving, and (ii) demanding.Cutting across this basic distinction between giving and demanding is another distinction that relates to the nature of the modity being exchanged. This may be either (a) goodsamp。 sociological perspective1. Malinowski’s theory of anthropology2. Firth’s theory of System amp。The basic premise of Conceptual Metaphor Theory is that metaphor is not simply a stylistic feature of language, but that thought itself is fundamentally metaphorical in nature.According to this view, conceptual structure is organised according to cross domain mappings or correspondences between conceptual domains. Some of these mappings are due to preconceptual embodied experiences while others build on these experiences in order to form more plex conceptual structures.Here are three examples of Conceptual Metaphor in English:LOVE IS A JOURNEY.ARGUMENT IS WAR.QUANTITY IS VERTICAL ELEVATION.9. What are the similarities and differences between conceptual metaphor theory and conceptual blending theory?Conceptual Blending Theory derives from two traditions within cognitive semantics: Conceptual Metaphor Theory and Mental Spaces Theory.The crucial insight of Blending Theory is that meaning construction typically involves integration of structure that gives rise to more than the sum of its parts.Blending theorists argue that this process of conceptual integration or blending is a general and basic cognitive operation which is central to the way we think. For example, the category PET FISH is not simply the intersection of the categories PET and FISH. Instead, the category PET FISH selectively integrates aspects of each of the source categories in order to produce a new category with its own distinct internal structure. This is achieved by conceptual blending.Not all blends are metaphorical Blending does not involve unidirectional mappings Spaces versus domains The manyspace modelDynamic versus conventional Di?erence in methodological emphasisEmergent structur
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