語(yǔ)言學(xué)名詞解釋和簡(jiǎn)答題的出題范圍-(修復(fù)的)(參考版)
2024-08-04 09:52本頁(yè)面
【正文】 轉(zhuǎn)喻是發(fā)生在同一認(rèn)知域中的映射，如整體和部分等。 formulas in maths amp。 psychological featuresRationalism amp。 Structure3. Hjelmslev’s theory of language level amp。 studies language from anthropologic amp。 according to Chomsky, petence should refer to the underlying petence as a system of generative processes (2)According to Saussure, language mainly base on sociology, in separating language from parole, we separate social from individual。 parole and performance concerns the actual phenomena (2) language and petence are abstract。一、Directions: Please define the following terms.1. minimal pair testwords that differ in only one soundThey differ in meaning, they differ only in one sound segment, the different sounds occur in the same environmentExample: beat, bit They form a minimal pairSo /ea/ and /i/ are different sounds in EnglishThey are different phonemes2. the SapirWhorf Hypothesislinguistic determinism (語(yǔ)言決定論) Language determines thought. and linguistic relativity (語(yǔ)言相對(duì)論)There is no limit to the structural diversity of languages. 3. BehaviorismBehaviorism in linguistics holds the view that Children learn language through a chain of stimulusresponsereinforcement (刺激—反應(yīng)—強(qiáng)化), and adults’ use of language is also a process of stimulusresponse.4. discovery proceduresA grammar is discovered through the performing of certain operations on a corpus of data5. Universal GrammarUG consists of a set of innate grammatical principles.Each principle is associated with a number of parameters.6. Systemic GrammarIt aims to explain the internal relations in language as a system network, or meaning potential.7. Ideational MetafunctionThe Ideational Function (Experiential and Logical) is to convey new information, to municate a content that is unknown to the hearer. It is a meaning potential.It mainly consists of “transitivity” and “voice”. This function not only specifies the available options in meaning but also determines the nature of their structural realisations. For example, “John built a new house” can be analysed as a configuration of the functions (功能配置): Actor: John Process: Material: Creation: built Goal: Affected: a new house8. Interpersonal MetafunctionThe INTERPERSONAL FUNCTION embodies all uses of language to express social and personal relations. This includes the various ways the speaker enters a speech situation and performs a speech act.9. basic speech rolesThe most fundamental types of speech role are just two: (i) giving, and (ii) demanding.Cutting across this basic distinction between giving and demanding is another distinction that r
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