【正文】 transmission through the shaft is also equipped with a differential, known as the bridge between the differential. Its role is to turn in the car or on uneven road surface, so that drive wheels before and after the differential between the role. At present, Chinamade cars and other types of vehicles in the basic use of symmetric ordinary differential bevel gear. Symmetric by the planetary bevel gear differential gear, axle gears, planetary gear axis (crossaxis or a directaxis) and the differential position of the shell and so on. At present the majority of planetary geartype motor vehicles using differential and ordinary differential bevel gear cone by two or four planet gears, planetary gear shaft, the two cone axle differential gear, and about the position of the shell and so on. semiaxle Axle is the differential torque and then came to the wheels, drive wheels spin, promote the solid axle car. As a result of the installation of wheel structure, and the forces of the axle are also different. Therefore, divided into fullfloating axle, semifloating, 3 / 4, three types of floating. 1) fullfloating axle Generally large and mediumsized used car floating the whole structure. Axle with the inner end of the spline axle with the differential gear connected to the outer end of the axle forging a flange with bolts and wheel hub to connect. Wheel away from the more distant of two tapered roller bearings for the text on the axle casing. Rear axle shell casing pressure and one pair to form the drive axle housing. Supporting the use of such forms, axle and axle housing no direct link so that only bear the drive axle torque without bearing any moment, the axle referred to as fullfloating axle. The socalled floating, meaning not subject to bending load axle. Fullfloating axle, the outer end flange plate for one made with the axis. But there are also a number of trucks to make a separate flange parts, and by nested spline outer end in the axle. Thus, at both ends of the axle spline, you can use for the first. 2) semifloating axle Semifloating axle with the inner end of the same floating, not subject to bending and torsion. Away from direct client support through a bearing in the axle of the inner shell. This approach will support the outer end axle bearing moment. Therefore, this shortsleeve in addition to transfer torque, but also to sustain the local moment, it is known as the semifloating axle. This structure is mainly used in small passenger cars. License Hongqi CA7560 icon for the type of drive axle limousine. Axle from the inner end of its moment, out client has to bear all the moment, so called semifloating bearing. 3) 3 / 4 floating axle 3 / 4 floating axle is affected by the degree of bending between the short semifloating and full floating between. At present the application of this type halfshaft few pickup truck only on individual applications such as Warsaw, M20 vehicles. 4. Automobile axle housing: 1) the overall shellstyle bridge Bridge shell due to the overall strength and stiffness performance, ease of main reducer installation, adjustment and maintenance, and are widely used. Integral axle housing due to different manufacturing methods can be divided into the overall foundry type, pressed into the middle of casting steel pipe and welded steel plate, such as stamping. 2) subtype drive axle housing Subtype axle housing will generally be divided into two sections, from two sections of a connecting bolt. Subtype axle housing casting and processing easier.驅(qū)動橋處于動力傳動系的末端，其基本功能是增大由傳動軸或變速器傳來的轉(zhuǎn)矩，并將動力合理的分配給左、右驅(qū)動輪，另外還承受作用于路面和車架或車身之間的垂直立、縱向力和橫向力。同窗之誼，終生難忘！感謝我的家人多年來對我無微不至的關懷、始終如一的支持，感謝他們對我的鼓勵和生活上的諸多照顧，感謝他們督促我接受良好的教育。感謝宿舍的朋友一直以來對我的關心和支持。通過這次的設計，我更深刻地了解了機械設計、機械制造的各方面知識，對汽車設計有了全新且比較全面的深刻認識，達到了前所未有的高度，并鍛煉了獨立思考解決問題的能力。參考文獻[1] 劉惟信. 汽車設計[M].北京:清華大學出版社,2001:381,393,39,341,346,351,358,359，395，396，398，400.[2] 劉惟信. 汽車車橋設計[M].北京:清華大學出版社，2004:95,113,138.[3] 鄭文達. 汽車構(gòu)造[M]．北京: 機械工業(yè)出版社，2002:56,89,123,168.[4] 成大先．機械設計手冊[M]．北京:化學工業(yè)出版社，2004:260,370.[5] 《汽車工程手冊》[M].北京：:345.[6] （第3版）[M]．北京：機械工業(yè)出版社，2003:154.[7] [M].北京：機械工業(yè)出版社，1981:170.[8] [M].北京：機械工業(yè)出版社，2004[9] （第三版）[M]．北京：高等教育出版社，1993[10] 梁德本，葉玉駒．機械制圖手冊[M]．第3版．北京:機械工業(yè)出版社，2002[11] [M].沈陽:東北大學出版社,2002[12] 曾范量．差速器的工作原理與使用[J]．汽車維修，2005[13] [M].北京：機械工業(yè)出版社，.[14] （第四版）[M].北京：機械工業(yè)出版社，.[15] PAARNG State Safety Office. High Mobility Multipurpose Wheeled Vehicle Safety Guide(HMMWV) [M]. Annville: Department of Military amp。但此設計過程仍有許多不足，在設計結(jié)構(gòu)尺寸時，有些設計參數(shù)是按照以往經(jīng)驗值得出，這樣就帶來了一定的誤差。結(jié) 論本設計根據(jù)傳統(tǒng)驅(qū)動橋設計方法，并結(jié)合現(xiàn)代設計方法，確定了越野車后驅(qū)動橋的總體設計方案，為使結(jié)構(gòu)簡單、成本低、工作可靠，采用非斷開式驅(qū)動橋結(jié)構(gòu)，單極主減速器，普通錐齒輪式差速器和全浮式半軸，先后進行了主減速器、差速器、半軸以及驅(qū)動橋殼的具體結(jié)構(gòu)設計和強度校核，并運用AutoCAD軟件繪制出主要零部件的工程圖和裝配圖。 本章小結(jié)本章進行了橋殼的受力分析和強度計算。使用有限元法對汽車驅(qū)動橋殼進行強度分析，只要計算模型簡化得合理，受力與約束條件處理得恰當，就可以得到比較理想的計算結(jié)果。它僅用于對橋殼強度的驗算或用作與其他車型的橋殼強度進行比較。對于鋼板沖壓焊接整體式橋殼，多采用或號中碳鋼板（化學成分控制為的碳和不大于的硫）。半軸套管的危險斷面位于輪轂內(nèi)軸承的里端處，該處彎矩為： （）式中：——為輪轂內(nèi)軸承支承中心至該軸承內(nèi)端支承面間的距離。在載貨汽車的設計中，常取/4。否則，如果將兩軸承的距離縮至使兩軸承相碰，則車輪的支承剛度會變差而接近于3/4浮式半軸的情況。 汽車向右側(cè)滑時輪轂軸承對輪轂的徑向支承力SS2分析用圖（a）輪轂軸承的受力分析用圖；（b）橋殼的受力分析用圖 ——，其中地面給左右驅(qū)動車輪的側(cè)向反作用力Y2L、Y2R可由下式求得： （）輪轂內(nèi)、外軸承支承中心之間的距離愈大，則由側(cè)滑引起的軸承徑向力愈小。側(cè)滑時內(nèi)、可根據(jù)一個車輪的受力平衡求出。 鋼板彈簧對驅(qū)動橋殼的垂向作用力為： （）式中：——汽車滿載時車廂通過鋼板彈簧作用在驅(qū)動橋上的垂向總載荷145074％N； ——彈簧座上表面離地面高度，＋+=； ——見式（）下的說明； ——。 汽車向右側(cè)滑時，驅(qū)動橋側(cè)滑時左、右驅(qū)動車輪的支承反力為： （）式中：——左、右驅(qū)動車輪的支承反力，N； ——汽車滿載時的質(zhì)心高度。因此汽車驅(qū)動橋的側(cè)滑條件是： （）式中：——驅(qū)動橋所受的側(cè)向力； ——地面給左、右驅(qū)動車輪的側(cè)向反作用力； ——汽車滿載靜止于水平面時驅(qū)動橋給地面的載荷45619N； ——。當汽車所承受的側(cè)向力達到地面給輪胎的側(cè)向反作用力的最大值即側(cè)向附著力時，則汽車處于側(cè)滑的臨界狀態(tài)，此時沒有縱向力作用。 汽車受最大側(cè)向力時