【正文】 he subactuator type or in the transmission through the shaft is also equipped with a differential, known as the bridge between the differential. Its role is to turn in the car or on uneven road surface, so that drive wheels before and after the differential between the role. At present, Chinamade cars and other types of vehicles in the basic use of symmetric ordinary differential bevel gear. Symmetric by the planetary bevel gear differential gear, axle gears, planetary gear axis (crossaxis or a directaxis) and the differential position of the shell and so on. At present the majority of planetary geartype motor vehicles using differential and ordinary differential bevel gear cone by two or four planet gears, planetary gear shaft, the two cone axle differential gear, and about the position of the shell and so on. semiaxle Axle is the differential torque and then came to the wheels, drive wheels spin, promote the solid axle car. As a result of the installation of wheel structure, and the forces of the axle are also different. Therefore, divided into fullfloating axle, semifloating, 3 / 4, three types of floating. 1) fullfloating axle Generally large and mediumsized used car floating the whole structure. Axle with the inner end of the spline axle with the differential gear connected to the outer end of the axle forging a flange with bolts and wheel hub to connect. Wheel away from the more distant of two tapered roller bearings for the text on the axle casing. Rear axle shell casing pressure and one pair to form the drive axle housing. Supporting the use of such forms, axle and axle housing no direct link so that only bear the drive axle torque without bearing any moment, the axle referred to as fullfloating axle. The socalled floating, meaning not subject to bending load axle. Fullfloating axle, the outer end flange plate for one made with the axis. But there are also a number of trucks to make a separate flange parts, and by nested spline outer end in the axle. Thus, at both ends of the axle spline, you can use for the first. 2) semifloating axle Semifloating axle with the inner end of the same floating, not subject to bending and torsion. Away from direct client support through a bearing in the axle of the inner shell. This approach will support the outer end axle bearing moment. Therefore, this shortsleeve in addition to transfer torque, but also to sustain the local moment, it is known as the semifloating axle. This structure is mainly used in small passenger cars. License Hongqi CA7560 icon for the type of drive axle limousine. Axle from the inner end of its moment, out client has to bear all the moment, so called semifloating bearing. 3) 3 / 4 floating axle 3 / 4 floating axle is affected by the degree of bending between the short semifloating and full floating between. At present the application of this type halfshaft few pickup truck only on individual applications such as Warsaw, M20 vehicles. 4. Automobile axle housing: 1) the overall shellstyle bridge Bridge shell due to the overall strength and stiffness performance, ease of main reducer installation, adjustment and maintenance, and are widely used. Integral axle housing due to different manufacturing methods can be divided into the overall foundry type, pressed into the middle of casting steel pipe and welded steel plate, such as stamping. 2) subtype drive axle housing Subtype axle housing will generally be divided into two sections, from two sections of a connecting bolt. Subtype axle housing casting and processing easier.驅(qū)動橋處于動力傳動系的末端，其基本功能是增大由傳動軸或變速器傳來的轉(zhuǎn)矩，并將動力合理的分配給左、右驅(qū)動輪，另外還承受作用于路面和車架或車身之間的垂直立、縱向力和橫向力。驅(qū)動橋一般由主減速器、差速器、車輪傳動裝置和驅(qū)動橋殼等組成。 驅(qū)動橋的設(shè)計：　　驅(qū)動橋設(shè)計應(yīng)當滿足如下基本要求：　　?！　。ＷC有必要的離地間隙?！　?，噪聲小?！　??！　?、剛度條件下，應(yīng)力求質(zhì)量小，尤其是簧下質(zhì)量應(yīng)盡量小，以改善汽車平順性?！　。瑢τ谵D(zhuǎn)向驅(qū)動橋，還應(yīng)與轉(zhuǎn)向機構(gòu)運動相協(xié)調(diào)?！　。庸すに囆院?，制造容易，拆裝、調(diào)整方便。 驅(qū)動橋的分類　　驅(qū)動橋分非斷開式與斷開式兩大類。　　1．非斷開式驅(qū)動橋　　非斷開式驅(qū)動橋也稱為整體式驅(qū)動橋，其半軸套管與主減速器殼均與軸殼剛性地相連一個整體梁，因而兩側(cè)的半軸和驅(qū)動輪相關(guān)地擺動，通過彈性元件與車架相連。它由驅(qū)動橋殼1，主減速器，差速器和半軸組成?！　?．斷開式驅(qū)動橋　　驅(qū)動橋采用獨立懸架，即主減速器殼固定在車架上，兩側(cè)的半軸和驅(qū)動輪能在橫向平面相對于車體有相對運動的則稱為斷開式驅(qū)動橋?！　榱伺c獨立懸架相配合，將主減速器殼固定在車架（或車身）上，驅(qū)動橋殼分段并通過鉸鏈連接，或除主減速器殼外不再有驅(qū)動橋殼的其它部分。為了適應(yīng)驅(qū)動輪獨立上下跳動的需要，差速器與車輪之間的半軸各段之間用萬向節(jié)連接。 驅(qū)動橋的組成　　驅(qū)動橋主要由主減速器、差速器、半軸和驅(qū)動橋殼等組成?！　?．主減速器　　主減速器一般用來改變傳動方向，降低轉(zhuǎn)速，增大扭矩，保證汽車有足夠的驅(qū)動力和適當?shù)乃倨?。主減速器類型較多，有單級、雙級、雙速、輪邊減速器等?！　?）單級主減速器　　由一對減速齒輪實現(xiàn)減速的裝置，稱為單級減速器。其結(jié)構(gòu)簡單，重量輕，東風(fēng)BQl090型等輕、中型載重汽車上應(yīng)用廣泛。　　2）雙級主減速器　　對一些載重較大的載重汽車，要求較大的減速比，用單級主減速器傳動，則從動齒輪的直徑就必須增大，會影響驅(qū)動橋的離地間隙，所以采用兩次減速。通常稱為雙級減速器。雙級減速器有兩組減速齒輪，實現(xiàn)兩次減速增扭?！　樘岣咤F形齒輪副的嚙合平穩(wěn)性和強度，第一級減速齒輪副是螺旋錐齒輪。二級齒輪副是斜齒圓柱齒輪?！　≈鲃訄A錐齒輪旋轉(zhuǎn)，帶動從動圓銀齒輪旋轉(zhuǎn)，從而完成一級減速。第二級減速的主動圓柱齒輪與從動圓錐齒輪同軸而一起旋轉(zhuǎn)，并帶動從動圓柱齒輪旋轉(zhuǎn)，進行第二級減速。因從動圓柱齒輪安裝于差速器外殼上，所以，當從動圓柱齒輪轉(zhuǎn)動時，通過差速器和半軸即驅(qū)動車輪轉(zhuǎn)動。　　2．差速器　　差速器用以連接左右半軸，可使兩側(cè)車輪以不同角速度旋轉(zhuǎn)同時傳遞扭矩。保證車輪的正常滾動。有的多橋驅(qū)動的汽車，在分動器內(nèi)或在貫通式傳動的軸間也裝有差速器，稱為橋間差速器。其作用是在汽車轉(zhuǎn)彎或在不平坦的路面上行駛時，使前后驅(qū)動車輪之間產(chǎn)生差速作用?！　∧壳皣a(chǎn)轎車及其它類汽車基本都采用了對稱式錐齒輪普通差速器。對稱式錐齒輪差速器由行星齒輪、半軸齒輪、行星齒輪軸（十字軸或一根直銷軸）和差速器殼等組成?！　∧壳按蠖鄶?shù)汽車采用行星齒輪式差速器，普通錐齒輪差速器由兩個或四個圓錐行星齒輪、行星齒輪軸、兩個圓錐半軸齒輪和左右差速器殼等組成。　　3．半軸　　半軸是將差速器傳來的扭矩再傳給車輪，驅(qū)動車輪旋轉(zhuǎn)，推動汽車行駛的實心軸。由于輪轂的安裝結(jié)構(gòu)不同，而半軸的受力情況也不同。所以，半軸分為全浮式、半浮式、3／4浮式三種型式。　　1）全浮式半軸　　一般大、中型汽車均采用全浮式結(jié)構(gòu)。 半軸的內(nèi)端用花鍵與差速器的半軸齒輪相連接，半軸的外端鍛出凸緣，用螺栓和輪轂連接。輪轂通過兩個相距較遠的圓錐滾子軸承文承在半軸套管上。半軸套管與后橋殼壓配成一體，組成驅(qū)動橋殼。用這樣的支承形式，半軸與橋殼沒有直接聯(lián)系，使半軸只承受驅(qū)動扭矩而不承受任何彎矩，這種半軸稱為“全浮式”半軸。所謂“浮”意即半軸不受彎曲載荷。　　全浮式半軸，外端為凸緣盤與軸制成一體。但也有一些載重汽車把凸緣制成單獨零件，并借花鍵套合在半軸外端。因而，半軸的兩端都是花鍵，可以換頭使用?！　?）半浮式半軸　　半浮式半軸的內(nèi)端與全浮式的一樣，不承受彎扭。其外端通過一個軸承直接支承在半軸外殼的內(nèi)側(cè)。這種支承方式將使半軸外端承受彎矩。因此，這種半袖除傳遞扭矩外，還局部地承受彎矩，故稱為半浮式半軸。這種結(jié)構(gòu)型式主要用于小客車?！　D示為紅旗牌CA7560型高級轎車的驅(qū)動橋。其半軸內(nèi)端不受彎矩，而外端卻要承受全部彎矩，所以稱為半浮式支承?！　?）3／4浮式半軸　　3／4浮式半軸是受彎短的程度介于半浮式和全浮式之間。此式半軸目前應(yīng)用不多，只在個別小臥車上應(yīng)用，如華沙M20型汽車?！　?．橋殼　　1） 整體式橋殼　　整體式橋殼因強度和剛度性能好，便于主減速器的安裝、調(diào)整和維修，而得到廣泛應(yīng)用。整體式橋殼因制造方法不同，可分為整體鑄造式、中段鑄造壓入鋼管式和鋼板沖壓焊接式等?！　?） 分段式驅(qū)動橋殼　　分段式橋殼一般分為兩段，由螺栓1將兩段連成一體。分段式橋殼比較易于鑄造和加工。46