【正文】 46。　　2） 分段式驅(qū)動(dòng)橋殼　　分段式橋殼一般分為兩段，由螺栓1將兩段連成一體?！　?．橋殼　　1） 整體式橋殼　　整體式橋殼因強(qiáng)度和剛度性能好，便于主減速器的安裝、調(diào)整和維修，而得到廣泛應(yīng)用?！　?）3／4浮式半軸　　3／4浮式半軸是受彎短的程度介于半浮式和全浮式之間?！　D示為紅旗牌CA7560型高級(jí)轎車的驅(qū)動(dòng)橋。因此，這種半袖除傳遞扭矩外，還局部地承受彎矩，故稱為半浮式半軸。其外端通過一個(gè)軸承直接支承在半軸外殼的內(nèi)側(cè)。因而，半軸的兩端都是花鍵，可以換頭使用?！　∪∈桨胼S，外端為凸緣盤與軸制成一體。用這樣的支承形式，半軸與橋殼沒有直接聯(lián)系，使半軸只承受驅(qū)動(dòng)扭矩而不承受任何彎矩，這種半軸稱為“全浮式”半軸。輪轂通過兩個(gè)相距較遠(yuǎn)的圓錐滾子軸承文承在半軸套管上?！　?）全浮式半軸　　一般大、中型汽車均采用全浮式結(jié)構(gòu)。由于輪轂的安裝結(jié)構(gòu)不同，而半軸的受力情況也不同?！　∧壳按蠖鄶?shù)汽車采用行星齒輪式差速器，普通錐齒輪差速器由兩個(gè)或四個(gè)圓錐行星齒輪、行星齒輪軸、兩個(gè)圓錐半軸齒輪和左右差速器殼等組成?！　∧壳皣?guó)產(chǎn)轎車及其它類汽車基本都采用了對(duì)稱式錐齒輪普通差速器。有的多橋驅(qū)動(dòng)的汽車，在分動(dòng)器內(nèi)或在貫通式傳動(dòng)的軸間也裝有差速器，稱為橋間差速器?！　?．差速器　　差速器用以連接左右半軸，可使兩側(cè)車輪以不同角速度旋轉(zhuǎn)同時(shí)傳遞扭矩。第二級(jí)減速的主動(dòng)圓柱齒輪與從動(dòng)圓錐齒輪同軸而一起旋轉(zhuǎn)，并帶動(dòng)從動(dòng)圓柱齒輪旋轉(zhuǎn)，進(jìn)行第二級(jí)減速。二級(jí)齒輪副是斜齒圓柱齒輪。雙級(jí)減速器有兩組減速齒輪，實(shí)現(xiàn)兩次減速增扭?！　?）雙級(jí)主減速器　　對(duì)一些載重較大的載重汽車，要求較大的減速比，用單級(jí)主減速器傳動(dòng)，則從動(dòng)齒輪的直徑就必須增大，會(huì)影響驅(qū)動(dòng)橋的離地間隙，所以采用兩次減速?！　?）單級(jí)主減速器　　由一對(duì)減速齒輪實(shí)現(xiàn)減速的裝置，稱為單級(jí)減速器?！　?．主減速器　　主減速器一般用來改變傳動(dòng)方向，降低轉(zhuǎn)速，增大扭矩，保證汽車有足夠的驅(qū)動(dòng)力和適當(dāng)?shù)乃倨?。為了適應(yīng)驅(qū)動(dòng)輪獨(dú)立上下跳動(dòng)的需要，差速器與車輪之間的半軸各段之間用萬向節(jié)連接?！　?．?dāng)嚅_式驅(qū)動(dòng)橋　　驅(qū)動(dòng)橋采用獨(dú)立懸架，即主減速器殼固定在車架上，兩側(cè)的半軸和驅(qū)動(dòng)輪能在橫向平面相對(duì)于車體有相對(duì)運(yùn)動(dòng)的則稱為斷開式驅(qū)動(dòng)橋?！　?．非斷開式驅(qū)動(dòng)橋　　非斷開式驅(qū)動(dòng)橋也稱為整體式驅(qū)動(dòng)橋，其半軸套管與主減速器殼均與軸殼剛性地相連一個(gè)整體梁，因而兩側(cè)的半軸和驅(qū)動(dòng)輪相關(guān)地?cái)[動(dòng)，通過彈性元件與車架相連?！　。庸すに囆院?，制造容易，拆裝、調(diào)整方便。　　、剛度條件下，應(yīng)力求質(zhì)量小，尤其是簧下質(zhì)量應(yīng)盡量小，以改善汽車平順性?！　。肼曅?。 驅(qū)動(dòng)橋的設(shè)計(jì)：　　驅(qū)動(dòng)橋設(shè)計(jì)應(yīng)當(dāng)滿足如下基本要求：　　。附 錄Drive axle powertrain at the end of their basic function is to increase the transmission came from the drive shaft or torque, and a reasonable distribution of power to the left and right wheel, in addition to acting on the road and under the frame or body legislation between the vertical, longitudinal and lateral force. General from the main drive axle reducer, differential, gear wheels and drive axle housings and other ponents. The design of the Drive axle: Drive axle should be designed to meet the basic requirements are as follows: 1. Select the main reduction ratio should be able to ensure the car has the best power and fuel economy. 2. Smaller size, to ensure that the necessary ground clearance. 3. Gear and other pieces of the work of a smooth transmission,and small noise. 4. In a variety of speed and load with a high transmission efficiency. 5. In ensuring adequate strength and stiffness conditions, should strive for the quality of small, especially under the massspring should be as small as possible in order to improve vehicle ride fort. 6. And suspension movementoriented coordination of steering drive axle, but also with the coordination of steering movement. 7. The structure of simple, good processing, manufacturing, easy disassembly, to facilitate adjustment. Drive axle classification At nondrive axle disconnect disconnectstyletype with two broad categories. 1. Nondisconnecttype drive axle Nondisconnecttype drive axle also known as integrated drive axle, the axle casing and the main shaft reducer with shell shell and connected to a rigid beam, which on both sides of the axle and wheel related to swing through the flexible connected with the frame ponents. It consists of drive axle housing 1, the main reducer, differential and axle ponents. 2. disconnecttype drive axle. Drive the use of independent suspension bridge, that is the main reducer shell fixed on the vehicle chassis, on both sides of the axle and wheel in the horizontal plane as opposed to relative movement of the body is referred to as drive off the bridge. In order to match with independent suspension, the main reducer shell fixed at the frame (or body), the drive axle housing sub connected through the hinge, or in addition to the main reducer shell outside the shell is no longer driven to other parts of the bridge. Wheel in order to meet the needs of independent jump up and down, between the differential and the wheel axle of the above connection between the use of universal joints. Drive axle ponents Driven mainly by the main bridge reducer, differential, axle and drive axle housings and other ponents. 1. Main reducer assembly Used to change the main drive reducer general direction, to reduce speed and increase torque, and ensure there is sufficient car drivers and the appropriate speed skin. More types of the main reducer, a singlestage, dualclass, twospeed, such as Wheel Speed Reducer. 1) singlestage main reducer Reduction gear by a slowdown in the realization of the devices, called singlestage reducer. Its structure is simple, light weight, such as Dongfeng BQl090 type light and mediumsized trucks on a wide range of applications. 2) twostage main reducer Larger number of heavyduty trucks, require a larger reduction ratio, the main use of a singlestage reducer drive, moving from gear to be larger in diameter will affect the drive axle of the ground clearance, so the use of two slowdown. Often referred to as twostage reducer. There are two sets of twostage reduction gear reducer, speed the realization of the two by twisting. In order to enhance the meshing gear pair taper and strength of a smooth, slow down the firstclass pair of spiral bevel gear is. Gears 2 is inclined gear teeth due to prop. Take the initiative to rotate bevel gear, gear driven rotary driven round silver, thus pleting a slowdown. Active second stage cylindrical gear reducer and the driven bevel gear coaxial with the rotation, and drive gear driven rotating cylinder, a secondclass speed. Due to the driven gear mounted on the cylindrical shell on the differential, so that when the driven gear rotating cylinder, through the differential and drive axle that is, the rotation of the wheels. 2. Differential Differential is designed to connect the axle around, on both sides of the wheels can rotate at different angular torque transfer at the same time. To ensure the normal scroll wheel. Some multibridgedriven cars, in the subactuator type or in the