【正文】 two servings of a vegetable. The category gardenvegetables includes all vegetables except potatoes, salad, dried peas and beans. Examples are green beans, carrots, and corn. When we express fat as a percent of calories, there was a small increase with increasing vegetable intake, approximately two percentage points from the lowest to the highest serving category. In contrast, with increasing fruit consumption, the percent of calories from fat fell approximately five percentage points from the lowest to the highest consumption category. Percent of calories from saturated fat behaved similarly, reaching its highest value among those who consumed no fruit and two or more vegetables, and its lowest value among those who consumed three or more servings of fruit and no vegetables (data available from authors on request).Although the percent of calories from fat increased slightly with increasing vegetable consumption, this was associated with an increase in the ratio of polyunsaturated fats to saturated fats (P/S ratio), the direction remended by the American Heart Association39。 the opposite was true for fruit. About twothirds as many Blacks as Whites met these guidelines. Only about 5 percent of Black women and 7 percent of Black men consumed the remended numbers of both fruit and vegetable servings. Eleven percent ate neither fruit nor vegetables on the recall day, 45 percent had no servings of fruit, and 22 percenthad no servings of a vegetable (Table 2). In contrast to the five or more servings of fruit and vegetables remended, zero or one serving might be considered clearly inadequate. Thirtyfive percent of Black adults and 27 percent of White adults had at most one serving of a food in the fruit/vegetable food group (data available from author on request). Mean numbers of servings of fruit (, SE = .03) and vegetables (, SE = .02) were far below remended levels and were lower for Blacks than for Whites (data available from author on request). Mean vegetable intake wassomewhat higher for males than females。 vegetables and fruits in Agriculture Handbook No. 456. 12 A half cup serving Of many vegetables weights about 75 grams, and many whole fruits weigh roughly 120 grams. We defined as two servings any portion of vegetables (except salad) weighing 150 grams or more, and any portion of fruit (excluding fruit juice) weighing 240 grams or more. For fruit juice, individualsconsuming between 12 and 18 ounces (372 to 557 grams) were given credit for two servings of fruit, and those consuming 18 or more ounces (558 or more grams) were given credit for three servings. An individual eating a green salad on a single occasion was given credit for a single serving rather than for multiple servings corresponding to each ingredient. Thus individuals could be credited with a maximum of one salad per eating occasion, or a maximum of the four different occasions per day coded in the survey. Individual foods included in each food category are given Vegetables include potatoes, dried peas and beans (., blackeyed peas, kidney beans), green salad(primarily lettuce and raw tomatoes), as well as all other vegetables not falling into one of these categories. This last group is designated garden vegetables and includes, for example, green beans, corn, and broccoli. Fruit refers to whole fruit and fruit juice. In this article, fruit juices include citrus and other natural fruit juices, but exclude both fortified and nonfortified fruit drinks. A list is available from the authors on request. We report mean nutrient intake by number of servings(0, 1, 2, 3 or more) of fruit crossclassified by number ofservings of vegetables. Nutrient intake was calculated by the National Center for Health Statistics, using USDA nutrient data, updated 1980. Because consumption of fruit and vegetables is associated with age, sex, and race,1 we controlled for these factors in each cell of the crossclassification tables using a method equivalent to direct standardization. This method for finding means and the corresponding variance estimates, adjusted for age, race, and sex, is given in the Appendix. The method uses regression coefficients to obtain estimates of means.Results Because the NHANES II data were collected before the remendations above were issued, they do not reflect their impact。 no attempt was made to determine the number of servings consumed. In the present inquiry we estimate the number of servings consumed, taking portion size into account. We also examine the intake of calories, fat, fiber, and vitamins A and C in the diets of persons consuming various numbers of servings of fruit and vegetables. While it is obvious that intake of vitamins A and C would increase with increasing numbers of servings, the relative contribution of fruit versus vegetables is not well known, nor is the nutrient intake actually achieved in selfselected diets. Similarly, the dietary fiber intake contained in diets including multiple servings of fruit and vegetables may be inadequately appreciated by the general public.Methods The NHANES II survey was conducted by the National Center for Health Statistics between 1976 and highly stratified multistage probability design was used to obtain a representative sample of the civilian no institutionalized population, ages six months to 74 years。s Report on Nutrition and Health2 remends increasing consumption of vegetables and fruit. Based on a prehensive literature review, the National Academy of Sciences(NAS) concluded that diet influences the risk of several major chronic diseases and remended eating five or more daily servings of a bination of vegetables and fruit, especially green and yellow vegetables and citrus The US Department of Agriculture (USDA) and the Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS) remend as part of their food guidance system that the daily diet include two to three servings of fruit and three to five servings of These specific remend