【正文】 Spanish playwright F233。 and even the like precurse of fierce events, as harbingers preceding still the fates and prologue to the omen ing on, have heaven and earth together demonstrated unto our climatures and countryman”. According to this, it suggests there will be a disaster in the Denmark in the future. It is also similar to the scene that believer, John meets the God and Jesus and is told about the apocalypse in the future. The intertextuality of Hamlet with the Revelation in the Bible shows that the play is not only the product of Shakespeare’s individual intellect, but also the product of Shakespeare’s adopting the historical context.4. Hamlet—A Realistic Representation of the Society in the Elizabethan Era In chapter I, the author has discussed about the New Historicist dictum of “historicity of text and textuality of history”. In Louis A. Montrose’s words, the “historicity of text” suggests the cultural specificity, the social embedment, of all modes of writing (qtd. In Veeser 1989 20). That is to say, no literary works could escape the influence of the historical context in which it was produced, whereas historical context is certain to be reflected in the literary works. As an influential play appeared in a rather special background—the Elizabethan era, Hamlet is influenced by this historical context and bees a realistic representation of Britain at that specific time. A brief account of the religious and social background of the Elizabethan era Shakespeare lived during a remarkable period of English history, a time of relative political stability that followed and preceded eras of extensive upheaval. Elizabeth I became the Queen of England in 1558, six years before Shakespeare39。 as stars with trains of fire and dews of blood, Disasters in the sun。 their mentality had turned into a bad situation. They thought more about their spirit and wanted to improve it. Under the temporal society’s influence, Shakespeare as a humanitarian, tried to show this mental illness in his works Hamlet, to arouse others’ attention. Shakespeare’s interest in mental problems is evident in some characters he has depicted in his plays, such as Mrs. Macbeth, Othello, King Lear, Antony, Hamlet and Ophelia. These characters all have some mental problems. Oscar James Campbell describes Hamlet as a series of meditative pauses followed by bursts of action. This is full of manic depressive behavior. “O God, I could be bounded in a nut shell and count myself a king of infinite space if it were not that I have bad dreams” (Act II, Scene ii, 286). This indicates that Shakespeare had a very strong interest in studying mental problems. He adopts the mental problems to shape many characters in his dramas. Shakespeare was very interested in mental problems for profound social reasons. “In the English Renaissance Period, scholars who called themselves humanists began to take interest in the welfare of human beings. They praised man and his pursuit of freedom, equality and happiness in this life instead of praising God and religious superstition. By emphasizing the dignity of human beings and the importance of this life, they voiced their beliefs that man not only had the right to enjoy this life but also had the ability to fight against destiny itself and mould the world according to his own free will. They attacked the old feudal rule and ecclesiastical domination, condemned political oppression and religious persecution, and criticized the social evils. Hence arouse Humanism. Humanism is the keynote of the Renaissance” (Wang 2002:2).Humanism suggests any attitude that tends to exalt the human element or stress the importance of human interests, as opposed to the supernatural, divine elements or as opposed to the grossed, animal elements. In Shakespeare’s edies, we sense that Shakespeare, as one of the greatest renaissance humanists, found in the classics a justification to exalt human nature and agreed with the ancients in asserting the dignity of human beings and the importance of the present life. In his tragedies, Shakespeare doubts that people are more super than any other things。 on the other hand, he was a submissive subject under the control of the historical context who had to yield his own initiative to the mon and acceptable institutions of the society. The dynamic role Shakespeare played in creating Hamlet Shakespeare, a secret Catholic sympathizer We can summarize the dynamic role Shakespeare played with the details in this play. Greenblatt has made a name for himself both as a preeminent Shakespeare scholar and as one of the founders of the “New Historicist” approach to literary criticism. Central to his approach is the notion that not only does history affect literature, but literature itself informs history, Shakespeare applied his own faiths and emotions to Hamlet just to fight against Puritanism in secret. Let’s look back to Shakespeare’s life background. We can arrive at a conclusion that Shakespeare is a secret Catholic sympathizer. There are several evidences to prove it. The most obvious cue is that Shakespeare’s father, John Shakespeare, is a secret Catholic sympathizer in Shakespeare’s childhood, so Shakespeare is influenced by his family on some level. The reference of the first part of the Cambridge Companion to Shakespeare—Shakespeare’s life, it writes “John, like his son William, proved to be ‘upwardly mobile’. Having prospered for some twenty years, John ran into difficulties in the late 1570s. He was let off paying weekly for poor relief。s principal interest is how power diffuses itself in systems of authority and how it affects of truth produced within discourses which in themselves are neither true nor false. In New Historicists’ opinion, literary texts are placed in the specific historical context and related to other nonliterary texts which constructed within other specific historical context。關(guān)鍵詞：《哈姆雷特》；莎士比亞；新歷史主義；歷史性；文本性iiiConten