【正文】 umanizing effect of the capitalist industrialization on human nature. He claims in his novel that the alienation of the human relationships and the perversion of human nature in the modern society were caused by the whole capitalist mechanical civilization, which turned men into inhuman machines. An analyse of Paul Pau l is a lw ays un d er t he str on g inf lue nc e of h is m ot he r in affec t io ns, aspiration and mental habits, and sees his father with his mother‘s eyes. He depends heavily on his mother‘s love which help to make sense of the world aro un d h im. In or d er to b ec o mes an ind ep e nd en t m a n a nd a tru e art is t h e has to ma ke h is ow n d ec is ions ab out h is lif e and w ork, an d h as t o str ug g le t o b ec om e free from his mother‘s influence. However, he is incapable of escaping the overpowering emotional bond imposed by his mother‘s love, so he fails to 13 ac h iev e a fu lf illin g r e lat ions h ip w it h g ir ls. F in a lly, P au l de ter m ine d to f ac e th e unknow n future. 第二部分 美國(guó)文學(xué) 一、課程簡(jiǎn)介： 《美國(guó)文學(xué)》是英語(yǔ)專(zhuān)業(yè)在高年級(jí)開(kāi)設(shè)的一門(mén)課程，包括美國(guó)文學(xué)簡(jiǎn)史與作家，作品介紹。 I) Robert Burns 記熟 ―Red red rose‖ 例題（詩(shī)歌這種形式出這樣的題比較多）： ―Till a‘ the seas gang dry, my dear, And the rocks melt wi‘ the sun! And I will luve thee still, my dear, While the sands o‘life shall run.‖ (1) Identify the poem and the poet. (2) Interpret the meaning of this stanza. (3) From the characteristics of this stanza, we can deduce which period it belongs to. Answer: (1) Burns‘ ―A Red, Red Rose‖ (2) The theme of it is permanent love, which itself is deep, genuine and natural (3) Romanticism 2) Wordsworth: the representative poet of passive romanticism, Poet Laureate(桂冠詩(shī)人 ) of England. .The publication of the ―Lyrical Ballads‖ marked the break with the conventional poetical tradition of the 18th century, and the beginning of the Romantic revival in England. Wordsworth, Coleridge and Robert Southey have often been mentioned as the ―Lake poets‖. 記熟 ―I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud‖ 及注釋、主題 ―I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud‖ is regarded as the most anthologized poem in English literature, and one that takes us to the core of Wordsworth‘s poetic belifs. 3） Byron: (1) He created ―Byronic Hero‖ in his works. (2)―The Isles of Greece‖ In this poem, the poet describes Greece with deep passion. He laments her fallen state and speaks of her foreman‘s glory and power, her brave men and heroic deeds. With strong passion he tries to arouse the Greek people‘s patriotic feelings so that they might rise against the Turkish invasion. 記熟 ―The Isles of Greece‖ 及注釋 4） Shelley ―Ode to the West Wind‖ is one of the most prized of Shelley‘s shorter lyrics. In this poem, Shelly eulogizes the powerful west wind and expresses his eagerness to enjoy the boundless freedom from the reality. The main theme of the poem is his call for political and social reform. 11 記熟 ―Ode to the West Wind‖ 及注釋 5） The major novelists of the English Romantic Period are Jane Austen and Walter Scott. VI. The Victorian Period(這一章著重于小說(shuō)，注意小說(shuō)的主題是什么，主角是誰(shuí)，主角的人物分析 ) of this age: 1) an age of prose Since the wide spread of education, the number of readers has increased and it is the age of newspapers, magazines, and modern novels. Newspapers, magazines are about the world‘s daily life, and novels are the most pleasant form of literature entertainment, as well as the most successful method of presenting modern problems and modern ideals. 2) an age emphasized the moral purpose The prose seems to depart from the purely artistic standard of art for art‘s sake and to be actuated by a definite moral purpose, and the novel seems to sweep away error and to reveal the underlying truth of human life. So Victorian Age is emphatically an age of realism rather than of romance, which strives to tell the whole truth, showing moral and physical diseases as they are, and holding up health and hope as the normal conditions of humanity. 3) an age of doubt and pessimism Because the scientific discovery and especially the Evolution give people a new conception of man and of the universe, it is customary to speak of this age as an age of doubt and pessimism. Charles Dickens: He is one of the greatest critical realist writers of the Victorian Age. The theme of his novels He has a serious intention to expose and criticize all the poverty, injustice, hypocrisy and corruptness he sees all around him. In his work, he attempts to call people‘s attention to the existing social problem and thus bring about some reform or Oliver Twist: In this noval,Dickens gives a truthful presentation of the sufferance of the poor,and makes a plete exposure of the terrible conditions in the English workhouse of the time and the brutality and corruption of the oppressors under the mask of philanthropy. 1) The Brontes Charlotte wrote The Professor and Jane Eyre, Anne wrote Agnes Grey., and Emily wrote Wuthering Heights. The analysis of Eyre: Eyre herself is Charlotte, little, longsuffering, shy, repressed, a smouldering volcano of passion beneath. This heroin represent the middleclass working woman who are struggling for recognition of their basic rights and equality as a human being, moreover, Jane maintains that woman should have equal rights with woman. The novel severely criticized the limited options open to educated but impoverished women, and the idea that women ought to confine themselves to making puddings and knitting stockings, to playing on the piano and embroidering bags. Jane39。 例題： those attain‘d, we tremble to survey The growing labours of the lengthen‘d way, Th‘ increasing prospect tires our wand‘ring eyes, Hills peep o‘er hills, and Alps on Alps 1). Identify the poem and the poet. 2). What does ―survey‖ mean? 3). What does these lines imply? Answer: 1) Alexander Pope‘s. ―Essay on