【導(dǎo)讀】系，以便及時(shí)更正。在自考英語專業(yè)的各門課程中，英美文學(xué)選讀是及格率較低的一門。不少考生感覺這門。學(xué)好這門課的關(guān)鍵是要注重學(xué)習(xí)教材中的文學(xué)知識(shí)和教材選文兩方面內(nèi)容。首先考生應(yīng)該學(xué)會(huì)把厚書讀薄，然后再把它變厚。能做到把英國(guó)和美國(guó)文學(xué)各個(gè)時(shí)期的文學(xué)流派、代表作家和代表作品提綱挈領(lǐng)地列出來。果在腦海里對(duì)英國(guó)、美國(guó)文學(xué)的大致脈絡(luò)形成清晰印象，那就可以說把厚厚的教材讀薄了。以英國(guó)維多利亞時(shí)期的文學(xué)為例?？忌粌H應(yīng)知道這個(gè)時(shí)期是以批判現(xiàn)實(shí)主義小說為主流，還要了解這種小說有社會(huì)原因、哲學(xué)基礎(chǔ)和美學(xué)基礎(chǔ)。這也是功利主義盛行的時(shí)代，人們唯利是圖，不惜一切手段斂財(cái)貪利，造成急劇的社會(huì)貧富分化。批判現(xiàn)實(shí)主義應(yīng)運(yùn)而生，各個(gè)主要的現(xiàn)。的手法挖掘出不同的主題。思潮以及作家風(fēng)格特點(diǎn)的選擇題時(shí)，有較高的失分率，這是非?？上У摹＠斫夥矫娴睦щy，求助老師或一些參考書早日解決。單選題：前22題肯定為英國(guó)部分，其余為美國(guó)部分。

　　

【正文】 repression of such an impulse will cause distortion or perversion of the individual‘s personality. In his novels, he traces the psychological development of his characters and criticizes the dehumanizing effect of the capitalist industrialization on human nature. He claims in his novel that the alienation of the human relationships and the perversion of human nature in the modern society were caused by the whole capitalist mechanical civilization, which turned men into inhuman machines. An analyse of Paul Pau l is a lw ays un d er t he str on g inf lue nc e of h is m ot he r in affec t io ns, aspiration and mental habits, and sees his father with his mother‘s eyes. He depends heavily on his mother‘s love which help to make sense of the world aro un d h im. In or d er to b ec o mes an ind ep e nd en t m a n a nd a tru e art is t h e has to ma ke h is ow n d ec is ions ab out h is lif e and w ork, an d h as t o str ug g le t o b ec om e free from his mother‘s influence. However, he is incapable of escaping the overpowering emotional bond imposed by his mother‘s love, so he fails to 13 ac h iev e a fu lf illin g r e lat ions h ip w it h g ir ls. F in a lly, P au l de ter m ine d to f ac e th e unknow n future. 第二部分 美國(guó)文學(xué) 一、課程簡(jiǎn)介： 《美國(guó)文學(xué)》是英語專業(yè)在高年級(jí)開設(shè)的一門課程，包括美國(guó)文學(xué)簡(jiǎn)史與作家，作品介紹。史的部分在課程中做了簡(jiǎn)要的概述，作家作品部分有：作家的詳細(xì)介紹；作品的內(nèi)容提要；重點(diǎn)文選；注釋。在教學(xué)中以講授作品，作家介紹為主。 本課程的目的在與要學(xué)生掌握美國(guó)文學(xué)的基本主流，主要的文學(xué)流派， 文學(xué)作品，以及各時(shí)期的代表人物及作品。 二、課程重點(diǎn)章節(jié)簡(jiǎn)介： 第一章： The Literature of Colonial America 1. Captain John Smith became the first American writer. 2. The writers of the Southern and Middle Colonies who followed John Smith made their greatest contribution to American. 第二章： The Literature of Reason and Revolution 1. Benjamin Franklin 2. Thomas Jefferson 第三章： The Literature of Romanticism 1. Washington Irving 2. James Fenimore Cooper 3. Edgar Allan Poe 4. Ralph Waldo Emerson 5. Henry david Thoreau 6. Nathaniel Hauthorne 7. Herman Melville 第四章： The Literature of Realism 1. Walt Whitman 2. Emily Dickinson 3. Mark Twain 4. O. Henry 5. Theodore Dreiser 第五章： TwentiethCentury Literature 1. Ezra Pound 2. Robert Frost 3. Thomas Stearns Eliot 4. Scott Fetzgerald 5. Ernest Hemingway 6. William Faukner 三、本課程重點(diǎn)和難點(diǎn)內(nèi)容簡(jiǎn)介 第一章： The Literature of Colonial America 重點(diǎn)： 。 2．了解 New England Literature 的概念 3．了解 putitan thought 的實(shí)質(zhì) 第二章： The Literature of Reason and Revolution 14 1．了解本時(shí)期的歷史背景，以及作家 Benjamin Franklin, Thomas Jefferson 的主要作品，以及他們?cè)诿绹?guó)文學(xué)史上的地位及貢獻(xiàn)。 第三章： The Literature of Romanticism 1. 了解 Romanticism 的概念 2. 對(duì) Washington Irving, James Fenimore Cooper, Edgar Allan Poe , ralph Waldo Emerson, Henry David Thoreau, Nathaniel Hawthorne, and Herman Melville 這幾位對(duì)美國(guó)文學(xué)做出了杰出貢獻(xiàn)的作家，一定要對(duì)其姓名，作品，以及相關(guān)的文學(xué)評(píng)論有所了解。 第四章： The Literature of Realism Emily Dickinson( 了解其生平事跡，其詩 歌特色，在美國(guó)文學(xué)史上的地位，以及她的代表作品 ) Mark Twain 及其作品和作品分析。 第五章： TwentiethCentury Literature 本部分要掌握的內(nèi)容較多。 1. 要重點(diǎn)掌握的詩人包括： Ezra Pound(包括他的詩歌特色，他的詩歌理論，他與意象派詩歌的關(guān)系，他對(duì)現(xiàn)代詩歌的影響 )。 Robert Frost（包括他的詩歌分析，他的詩歌的含義以及風(fēng)格）。Thomas Stearns Eliot（當(dāng)代最偉大的詩人，他的詩歌理念，他的代表作品，以及為什么他在文壇上有 如此高的地位等等） 2. 要了解的概念有 ―垮掉的一代 ‖ ： Scott Fitzgerald, Ernest Hemingway, William Faulkner 對(duì)于這些現(xiàn)代派作家，大家要了解透徹。 四、本課程內(nèi)容疏理及應(yīng)用領(lǐng)域，應(yīng)用方法講解 第一章 The Literature of Colonial America Historical Introduction At the beginning of the seventeenth century, the vast continental area that was to bee the Unitd States had been probed only slightly by English and European ecplorers. The earliest settlers included Dutch, Swedes, Germans, French, Spaniards, Italians, and Portuguese. The first permanent English settlement in Northe America was established at Jamestown, Virginia in 1607. The First American Writer Captain John Smith became the first Amercian Writer. Works: 1.―A True Relation of Such Occurrences and Accidents of Note as Hath Happened in Virginia Since the First Planting of That Colony‖ Puritan Thoughts Puritan thought includes: 1. Puritans wanted to make pure their religious beliefs and practices. 2. The Puritans wished to restore simpkicity to church services and the authority of the Bible to theology. 3. Putritans included people frome the humblest to the loftiest ranks of English were thus zealous in defense of their own beliefs but often intolerant of the beliefs of others. 4. Pututans‘ lives were disciplined and hard. 5. Putitan religious teaching tended to emphasize the image of wrathful God and to fet His mercy. 第二章 The Literature of Reason And Revolution Historical Inroduction 15 By the mideighteenth century colonial America was no longer a group of scattered, struggling settlements. It was a series of neighboring, flourishing colonies with rapidly expanding, mixed populations. The growth, particularly the industrial groowth, led to intense strain with England. In the seventies of the 18th century the English colonies in North America rose in arms against their nother country. The War for Independence last for 8 years . the spiritual life in the colonies during that period was to a great degree moulded by the bourgeois Enlightenment. Benjamin Franklin(17061790) 1. Franklin is the only good American author before the Revolutionary War. 2. His best writing if found in his ―Autobiography‖. 3. Works: ―The Autobiography‖ Thoma Jefferson(17431826) Works: The Declaration of Independence Chapter III The Literature of Romanticism Historical Introduction 1. The attitudes of america‘s writers were shaped by their New World environment and an array of ideas inherited from the ramantic traditions of Europe. A new romanticism had appeared in England in the last years of the wighteenth century. It spread to continental Europe and then came to america early in the nieenth century. 2. Romantic values were prominent in american plitics, art, and philosophy until the Civil War. 3. Transcendentalism 4.