【正文】 炎黃子孫 ? the descendants of Yan and Huang ? 奴隸制 ? institution of slavery ? 賢君 ? sage king ? 春秋戰(zhàn)國（時期） ? the Spring and Autumn and the Warring States Periods ? (《 春秋 》 ： Spring and Autumn Annals) ? 諸侯 ? duke ? 封建王朝 ? feudal monarchy ? 始皇帝 ? First Emperor ? 農(nóng)歷（陽歷） ? lunar calendar (solar calendar) ? (lunatic) ? 農(nóng)歷閏年 ? lunar leap year ? 節(jié)氣 ? seasonal division point ? 天干地支 ? the Heavenly Stems and Earthly Branches ? Background knowledge: ? 天干地支，簡稱“干支”。 ? China has a recorded history of nearly 4,000 years and is one of the four homes of the world’s earliest civilizations. ? (literal translation) ? (metaphorical use of “home”: This place is home to pandas.) ? 中國歷史 起源于 兩個傳說人物：黃帝和炎帝。 ? This old canal still provides water transportation from north to south, irrigation water for the farmlands on both of its sides, and cruise tours to the delight of travelers from home and abroad. ? 中國 ︱ 大部分地區(qū)處于北溫帶， 氣候溫和，四季分明 ，非常適合人類居住。 ? Scattered through China are approximately 24,800 natural lakes, most of which are found on the MiddleLower Yangtze Plain and the QinghaiTibet Plateau. ? 京杭大運河早在一千多年前便開始航運，在促進(jìn)南北貿(mào)易方面發(fā)揮了重要作用，被譽為鐵路交通出現(xiàn)之前的交通和信息的高速公路。 ? The catchment area of the interior rivers [that flow into inland lakes or disappear into deserts or salt marshes] makes up about 36 percent of China’s total land area. ? Page 07 ? 黃河 ? the Yellow River ? 含沙量最多的河 ? the most heavily siltladen river ? 地上河 ? raisedbed river ? 重要 產(chǎn)糧 基地 ? important production base for grains ? 淡水湖 咸水湖 ? freshwater lake, saltwater lake ? 洞庭湖 太湖 ? Dongting Lake, Taihu Lake ? 京杭大運河 海河 錢塘江 ? the Grand Canal, the Haihe River, the Qiantangjiang River ? 黃河是中國第二大河， 發(fā)源于 青海省，流經(jīng) 5464公里，注入渤海。 ? As a result, China is rich in waterpower resources, leading the world in hydropower potential, with reserves of 680 million kw. ? 內(nèi)流河流入內(nèi)陸湖泊，或消失在沙漠或咸水沼澤地里。 ? China abounds in rivers. More than 1500 rivers each drain 1000 sq km or larger areas. ? 絕大多數(shù)大江大河 發(fā)源于 青藏高原，源頭處與河口處落差極大。 ? China is a country of varied topographical features with highlands in the west and plains in the east. ? 俯瞰中國，地勢自西向東逐漸降低，恰似四級臺階。 ? (topic + ment 1…ment 2 … ment 3 … ment 4 … ment 5) ? [Located in the east of the Asian continent], [on the western shore of the Pacific Ocean], the P. R. China has a land area of about million sq km, and is the third largest country in the world, [next only to Russia and Canada]. ? (adv. 1 … adv. 2 + subj. + predicate 1 … predicate 2 + adv. 3) ? Page 05 ? 曾母喑沙 南沙群島 ? Zengmu Reef, Nansha Islands ? 交匯處 ? confluence ? 帕米爾高原 ? the Pamirs ? 渤海 黃海 東海 南海 ? Bohai Sea, Yellow Sea, East China Sea, South China Sea ? 臺灣島 釣魚島 赤尾嶼 ? Taiwan Island, Diaoyu Islands, Chiwei Islands ? 青藏 高原 ? the QinghaiTibet Plateau ? 世界屋脊 ? the roof of the world ? 珠穆朗瑪峰 喜馬拉雅山脈 ? Mount Qomolangma, the Himalayas ? 中國 ︱ 東面 與 朝鮮人民民主共和國 接壤 ，北面 與 蒙古接壤 ，東北 與 俄羅斯 接壤 。 ? [Being one of the famous ancient capital cities in China], Beijing has gong through great development and changes since the founding of the PRC in 1949. ? 紫禁城，也稱故宮，為中國最大、保存最完好的古代建筑群。 ? Beijing is not only the nation’s political center, but also serves as its economic, scientific and cultural heart. ? 北京 是中國著名古都之一。 1982年 12月 4日，全國人民代表大會正式采用這首歌曲為中華人民共和國國歌。 歌曲是為了紀(jì)念 那些 1930年代在中國東北地區(qū)奔赴前線，抗擊日本侵略者的人們。 ? The May 4th Movement refers to the revolutionary movement which broke out on May 4th, 1919, in which the Chinese people struggled