【正文】 f four lines, amp。s selfless but not entirely uncritical devotion to the young man.　　Twenty of the sonnets are about a young woman characterized as a dark lady, whom the poet distrust but cannot resist. The poems addressed directly to her are perhaps the most remarkable in the sequence because their unsentimental tone is unlike that of traditional love sonnets.　　A philosophical theme that appears in many of the sonnets is that of time as the destroyer of all mortal things. Also expressed in the poems is the author39。 society in his late years.　　　　2) Poems　　　A. Sonnets　　The first 126 sonnets are apparently addressed to a handsome young nobleman, presumably the author39。 the subject full of suggestion. The humanly impossible events can be seen occurring everywhere, in the play. The playwright resorts to the supernatural atmosphere amp。 death.　　　C. The Tempest The Tempest, an elaborate amp。 fiction, language amp。 apparently bearing the intolerable burden of the duty to revenge his father39。 most unnatural murder. Trapped in a nightmare world of spying, testing amp。 widow. This, Hamlet, is urged by the ghost to seek revenge for his father39。 then taken over both his father39。s brother. While encountering his father39。 by his mother39。 searching philosophic melancholy.　　The play opens with Hamlet, Prince of Denmark, appearing in a mood of worldweariness occasioned by his father39。 a philosophical exploration of life amp。 brutality of the Jew.Plot: The play has a double plot (P39)　　　B. Hamlet Hamlet is generally regarded as Shakespeare39。 loyalty, amp。 destiny.4. 領(lǐng)會 His Major Works1) Drama　　　A. The Merchant of Venice Theme: to praise the friendship between Antonio amp。 to illuminate man39。s phraseology have occurred in literature since the 16th century.Perhaps the greatest inspiration to subsequent authors has been Shakespeare39。 spirit of later writing rather than to its form. References amp。 stimulated by his achievement.On the whole, however, Shakespeare39。s plays amp。 his sequence of 154 sonnets.　3. 領(lǐng)會His Influence　1) Contributions to language Many words and monly used phrases have been added to everyday English vocabulary through their appearance in Shakespeare39。 Adonis amp。s Tale 　　　The Tempest　　　Henry Ⅷ　　　The Two Noble Kinsmen　　Shakespeare39。s Well That Ends Well　　　Measure for Measure　　The Fourth Period (16091612)Romantic tragicedies amp。 Cleopatra 　　　Troilus amp。 Juliet (1595)　　　Julius Caesar (1599)　　The Third Period (16011609)Seven tragedies amp。 Part Ⅱ(1597)　　　Henry V (1598)　　　A Midsummer Night39。s Lost (1594)　　The Second Period (15951600)five historical plays, six edies amp。 four edies: 　　　Henry Ⅵ, part Ⅰ (1590)　　　Henry Ⅵ, part Ⅱ (1590)　　　Henry Ⅵ, part Ⅲ (1591)　　　Richard Ⅲ (1592)　　　Titus Andronicus (1593)　　　The Comedy of Errors (1592)　　　The Two Gentlemen of Verona (1594)　　　The Taming of the Shrew (1593)　　　Love39。 Career　　The exact date of Shakespeare39。 trust in Devil.Ⅲ. William Shakespeare1. 一般識記Brief Introduction 　　William Shakespeare was the greatest writer of plays who ever lived. His friend amp。 philosophical figure than Tamburlaine, Marlowe praises his soaring aspiration for knowledge while warning against the sin of pride since Faustus39。 playwrights of his time. Marlowe39。s greatest achievement lies in that he 　perfected the blank verse amp。 authority. 　3. 領(lǐng)會His Achievements amp。 pitiless Tartar conqueror in the fourteenth century who rose from a shepherd to an overpowering King. By depicting a great hero with high ambition amp。 exhibits his mastery of characterization, stage craft amp。s The Merchant of Venice. In about 1592. Marlowe wrote one of the first successful English historical dramas, Edward Ⅱ。 agony of a condemned man. 　The Jew of Malta (about 1589) illustrates Marlowe39。 it also reveals man39。s dominant moral is human rather than religious. It celebrates the human passion for knowledge, power amp。s Amores.Marlowe39。 Leander, the Passionate shepherd to His love, amp。 Edward Ⅱ. In his plays, Marlowe used blank verse, which he molded into a superb instrument for expressing intense emotions. After his development of blank verse it became the standard medium for English dramatic amp。 poet,born in Canterbury, England, Feb, 6,1567, died in Deptford, England, May 30, 1593. Marlowe was the first great English Dramatist. He brought to the English stage a new concept of tragedy, one in which the drama centers around the struggles of a man overwhelmed by his passions amp。 for its rich content of philosophical amp。 The faerie Queen was left unfinished at Spenser39。 medieval legend, deals with the adventures of six knights of the court of the fairy queen named Gloriana, who represents Queen Elizabeth Ⅰ of English.　 poet.　4. 應(yīng)用　The Faerie Queene: 　1) It is a long, allegorical poem. In the poem, Spenser dramatized political, religious, amp。 spiritual vision have won him the admiration of generations of English poets. It is his idealism, his love of beauty, amp。 his works inspired many later English poets. He created a new stanza, called the Spenserian stanza, which is well suited to narrative verse. His skills in writing melodious English verse amp。 thought of Classical, medieval, amp。s poetry　?、賏 perfect melody 　?、赼 rare sense of beauty　?、踑 splendid imagination　?、躠 lofty moral purity amp。 Epithalamion (1595), a poem expressing the deep personal feelings occasioned by the poets second marriage。 gentle discipline. Its principal hero is the Arthur of medieval legend. The six books of the poem illustrate the nature of particular virtues, such as, temperance amp。 the English nation. According to Spenser39。 masterpiece is The Faerie Queene, a great poem of its age. A plex moral, religious, amp。I. Edmund Spenser 1. 一般識記 　Brief Introduction to the AuthorEnglish poet，born in London, England, about 1552,and died in London, Jan 13, 1599.　2. 識記His Major WorksSpenser39。s will, he is against conventional morality and contrives to obtain heaven on earth through his own efforts. With