【正文】 承襲的 whence adv. 從何處 ,從那里 paragraph 5This process of settling in as a munity over several generations, bined with local recruitment, presumably accounts for the apparent stability of the British northern frontier in the later Roman period. It also explains why some of the forts continued in occupation long after Rome ceased to have any formal authority in Britain, at the beginning of the fifth century . The circumstances that had allowed natives to bee Romanized also led the selfsustaining military munity of the frontier area to bee effectively British. 11Why does the author mention that some of the forts continued in occupation long after Rome ceased to have any formal authority in Britain? ○To emphasize the degree to which the stability of the British northern frontier depended on firm military control（無(wú)） ○To suggest that the Romans continued to occupy Britain even after they had formally given up the right to do so（無(wú)） ○To support the claim that fort continued to serve an important economic function even after they ceased to be of any miliary use（ economic無(wú)中生有） ○To describe one of the things that resulted from frontier garrisons39。 備用的 on an ad hoc basis (as needed) regiment n. (軍隊(duì)的 )團(tuán)；大量的人或物 vt. 嚴(yán)格地管制 。 結(jié)實(shí)的；大量的 , 可觀的；重大的 , 重要的；實(shí)質(zhì)的 , 基本的 , 大體上的 paragraph 3Each soldier received his pay, but in regions without a developed economy there was initially little on which it could be spent. The pool of excess cash rapidly stimulated a thriving economy outside fort gates. Some of the demand for the services and goods was no doubt fulfilled by people drawn from far afield, but some local people certainly became entwined in this new economy. There was informal marriage with soldiers, who until AD 197 were not legally entitled to wed, and whole new munities grew up near the forts. These settlements acted like small towns, being centers for the artisan and trading populations. 7The phrase entitled to in the passage is closest in meaning to ○given the right to ○able to afford to ○encouraged to ○required to 8According to paragraph 3, how did the soldiers meet their needs for goods and services? ○Their needs were met by the army, and all of their economic transations took place within the forts ○Most of their needs were met by traveling tradespeople who visited the forts ○During their days off, soldiers traveled to distant towns to make purchases ○They bought what they needed from the artisans and traders in nearby towns 第三段 Each soldier received his pay, but in regions without a developed economy there was initially little on which it could be spent. 【 pay 工資的問(wèn)題，沒(méi)地方花錢(qián)】 The pool of excess cash rapidly stimulated a thriving economy outside fort gates.【過(guò)度的現(xiàn)金，刺激壁壘外的經(jīng)濟(jì)】 Some of the demand for the services and goods was no doubt fulfilled by people drawn from far afield, but some local people certainly became entwined in this new economy.【影響對(duì)象，對(duì)野外和當(dāng)?shù)厝恕? There was informal marriage with soldiers, who until AD 197 were not legally entitled to wed, and whole new munities grew up near the forts. 【婚姻，產(chǎn)生新的 town】 These settlements acted like small towns, being centers for the artisan and trading populations.【 town 演化】 Entwine paragraph 4The army also provided a means of personal advancement for auxiliary soldiers recruited from the native peoples, as a man obtained hereditary Roman citizenship on retirement after service in an auxiliary regiment. Such units recruited on an ad hoc (as needed) basis from the area in which they were stationed, and there was evidently largescale recruitment within Britain. The total numbers were at least 12,500 men up to the reign of the emperor Hadrian (. 117138), with a peak around . 80. Although a small proportion of the total population, this perhaps had a massive local impact when a large proportion of the young men were removed from an area. Newly raised regiments were normally transferred to another province from whence it was unlikely that individual recruits would ever return. Most units raised in Britain went elsewhere on the European continent, although one is recorded in Morocco. The reverse process brought young men to Britain, where many continued to live after their 20 to 25 years of service, and this added to the cosmopolitan Roman character of the frontier population. By the later Roman period, frontier garrisons (groups of soldiers) were only rarely transferred, service in units became effectively hereditary, and forts were no longer populated or maintained at full strength. 9According to paragraph 4, which of the following is true of Britain39。 otherwise they represented a potentially dangerous source of friction and disloyalty 的精確改寫(xiě) ） ○provide evidence that Roman soldiers had a negative effect on the local area by performing jobs that had been performed by native workers（ negative 錯(cuò)，從下一句，可以推斷是正面作用） ○argue that the soldiers would have been better employed in the construction of infrastructure such as roads（ better 無(wú)中生有） 第二段 Economic exchange was clearly very important as the Roman army brought with it very substantial spending power. 【承接上文，經(jīng)濟(jì)影響，并且用 substantial spending power 說(shuō)明原因】 Locally a fort had two kinds of impact. 【分支 P 那兩個(gè)】 Its large population needed food and other supplies.【第一個(gè)影響，人口 食品和其他供給】 Some of these were certainly brought from long distances, but demands were inevitably placed on the local area.【兩個(gè)供給，遠(yuǎn)程和當(dāng)?shù)亍? Although goods could be requisitioned, they were usually paid for, and this probably stimulated changes in the local economy.【當(dāng)?shù)毓┙o方式，導(dǎo)致經(jīng)濟(jì)改變】 When not campaigning, soldiers needed to be occupied。 animals. 【經(jīng)濟(jì)方面的影響】 The imposition of military rule also robbed local leaders of opportunities to participate in local government, so social development was stunted and the seeds of disaffection sown. 【政治方面的影響】 This then meant th