【正文】 desired materials from the workpiece by a series of rapidly recurring discrete electrical sparks between workpiece and electrode. [2] 電火花加工 (EDM)有時是通俗地稱為電火花加工、電火花侵蝕 ,燃燒 ,開模或鋼絲侵蝕。當(dāng)這些流程是正確使用 ,他們提供了許多優(yōu)點比傳統(tǒng)的加工過程。電能。2. Chemical energy, 2。 1。 the three main forms of energy 非傳統(tǒng)加工利用其他形式的能源 。 Traditional machining can be defined as a process using mechanical (motion) energy. 傳統(tǒng)加工可以被定義為一個流程使用機械 (運動 )能量。 4. Parts without producing buns or inducing residual stresses. 4。 3。 2. When the workpiece is too flexible or slender, 2。 1。傳統(tǒng)的加工刀具的磨損 ,也會導(dǎo)致失去質(zhì)量的產(chǎn)品由于誘導(dǎo)殘余應(yīng)力在加工過程中。使用傳統(tǒng)方法來機這樣的材料意味著需求增加的時間和精力 ,因此增加的成本 。 [1] Extremely hard and brittle materials arc difficult to be machined by traditional machining processes. Using traditional methods to machine such materials means increased demand for time and energy and therefore increases in costs。 Chapter 6 Traditional or conventional machining, such as turning, milling, and grinding etc. ， uses mechanical energy to shear metal against another substance to create holes or remove material. Nontradition machining processes are defined as a group of processes that remove excess 傳統(tǒng)或傳統(tǒng)的加工 ,如車削、銑削、磨削等 ,使用機械能剪切金屬反對另一種物質(zhì)來創(chuàng)建洞或刪除材料。課移動部件的橫向調(diào)整有帶有四方頭的橫向絲杠來完成。在其它車削加工時，依靠光杠來驅(qū)動拖板。 The apron is attached to the front of the carriage and contains the gears and feed clutches which transmit motion from the feed rod or lead screw to carriage and cross slide. When cutting screw threads, power is provided to the gearbox of the apron by the lead screw. In all other turning operations, it is the feed rod that drives the carriage. ? 溜板箱位于拖板的前端，里面裝有齒輪和將運動從光杠或絲杠傳遞至拖板或橫向拖板的進給離合器。 The tool saddle is an H shaped casting mounted on the top of the guideways and houses the cross slide and pound rest. It makes possible longitudinal, cross and angular feeding of the tool bit. ? 刀架鞍板是一個安裝在導(dǎo)軌上部的 H 形鑄件，容納有橫拖板和小刀架。小刀架只能手動進給，沒有動力傳到小刀架上。sw?v?l] 小刀架安裝在橫拖板上，它可以在水平面內(nèi)轉(zhuǎn)動或夾緊在任意角度位置。絲杠可以手動或者自動驅(qū)動。to the axis of the lathe by the cross slide lead screw. The lead screw can be hand or power activated. ? dovetail 燕尾槽 橫拖板安裝在刀架鞍板上部的燕尾槽導(dǎo)軌上。拖板組件由橫拖板，小刀架，刀架鞍板和溜板箱組成。拖板的功能帶動刀具縱向移動，這個可以通過手動或者自動完成。 主軸的外表面車有螺紋，可以安裝卡盤，花盤或夾頭。 ? The spindle has a through hole extending lengthwise through which bar stocks can be fed if continuous production is used. The hole can hold a plain lathe center by its tapered inner surface and mount a chuck, a face plate or collet by its threaded outer surface. ? taper ，錐形 ? collet 主軸有一個縱向通孔，如果連續(xù)加工棒料，通孔就用來實現(xiàn)棒料的送料。變速箱的功能是可以產(chǎn)生不同的主軸轉(zhuǎn)速。床身上的導(dǎo)軌可以引導(dǎo)和對準(zhǔn)拖板和尾座，使它們可以從車床的一端移動到另一端。這個條件可以通過采用絲杠和開合機構(gòu)得到滿足，它們可以實現(xiàn)拖板相對 于主軸回轉(zhuǎn)運動的精確可靠的運動 1. Engine lathes 普通車床 2. Vertical lathes 立式車床 3. Turret lathes 轉(zhuǎn)塔車床 5. Contouring lathes 仿形車床 6. Universal lathes 萬能車床 Lathe bed is foundation of the engine lathe, which heavy, rugged casting is made to support the working parts of the lathe. The size and mass of the bed gives the rigidity necessary for accurate engineering tolerances required in manufacturing. On top of the bed are machined slideways that guide and align the carriage and tailstock, as they are move from one end of the lathe to the other. rugged adj. 健壯，堅固 mass n. 質(zhì)量 slideways 床身是普通車床的基礎(chǔ)，它是由沉重而堅固的鑄件制作而成的，其目的是為了支撐車床的工作部件。所切出的螺紋外形是由車刀形狀和它與工件的相對位置決定的。 There are two basic requirements for thread cutting. ? An accurately shaped and properly mounted tool is needed because thread cutting is a formcutting operation. The resulting thread profile is determined by the shape of the tool and its position relative to the workpiece. ? The second by requirement is that the tool must move longitudinally in a specific relationship to the rotation of workpiece, because this determines the lead of the thread. This requirement is met through the use of the lead screw and the split unit, which provide positive motion of carriage relative to the rotation of spindle formcutting operation 成形加工 longitudinally [l?:?d?i39。但二者也存在一些不同之處。切斷刀必須準(zhǔn)確地對正回轉(zhuǎn)軸，保持鋒利，具有合適的后角，以合適、不變的進給率沿工件進給。軍服 clearance angles 后角 譯文 : 切斷是一種利用切斷刀（割刀）將工件的一部分與其剩余部分脫離的加工方法。突出 uniform [39。h230。meind?]剩余物 ，余數(shù) overhang [39。在對具有硬質(zhì)表面的鑄件或其他材料進行車端面加工時，首次切深要足以穿透硬質(zhì)材料從而避免過度的刀具磨損。無論哪種情況，刀尖必須準(zhǔn)確地與回轉(zhuǎn)中心對正。車削速度必須由所加工表面的最大直徑來決定。penitreit] v. 穿透，滲透 tool wear 刀具磨損 譯文 : 車端面可以加工出一個平面，它是當(dāng)車刀沿回轉(zhuǎn)工件的端面橫向進給的結(jié)果。mp] v. 夾緊，夾住 carriage [‘k230。m230。當(dāng)將刀具沿工件的回轉(zhuǎn)軸線平行進給時，鏜削實際上就是車內(nèi)圓。如果在車床上進行鏜削加工，工件通常裝夾在卡盤或者花盤上。如果工件毛坯是實心的，首先要鉆孔。 除了車削，還有另外幾種加工操作都可以在車床上進行。車削可以加工外面和內(nèi)表面以形成具有軸對稱的成形工件。k?ntu?d] ，與某種形體輪廓相吻合的 譯文 :在金屬切削加工操作中，車削是最常見的一種。metrik?l] a. 對稱的 cylindrical [si39。230。當(dāng)對零件的尺寸公差和光潔度要求較高時，機械加工是很有必要的。傳統(tǒng)的機械加工都是利用不同的刀具在車床、鉆床和銑床上進行的。 機械工程專業(yè)英語 電子工業(yè)出版社 Chapter5 Introduction Conventional machining is the group of machining operations that use single or multipoint tools to remove material in the form of chips. Metal cutting involves removing metal through machining operations. Machining traditionally takes place on lathes, drill presses, and milling machines with the use of various cutting tools. Most machining has very low setup cost pared with forming, molding, and casting processes. However, machining is much more expensive for high volumes. Machining is necessary where tight tolerances on dimensions and finishes are required. 譯文 傳統(tǒng)機械加工是一組利用單刃或者多刃刀具以切屑形式去除材料的加工方式。金屬切削意味著通過機械加工去除金屬。與成型加工、鍛壓和鑄造工藝相比，大多數(shù)機械加工的生產(chǎn)準(zhǔn)備成本都較低，然而如果是大批量生產(chǎn)，其成本要高得多。 Turning and Lathe Turning is one of the most mon of metal cutting operations. In turning, a workpiece is rotated about its axis as singlepoint cutting tools are fed into it, shearing away excess material and creating the desired cylindrical surface. Turning can occur on both external and internal surfaces to produce an axiallysymmetrical contoured part. Parts ranging from pocket watch ponents to large diameter mari