【正文】
話說(shuō),機(jī)構(gòu)是允許其 “ 剛性構(gòu)件 ” 之間相對(duì)運(yùn)動(dòng),而結(jié)構(gòu)則不能。連桿機(jī)構(gòu)是由通常被認(rèn)為是剛體構(gòu)件或桿組成的,它們是以銷(xiāo)軸鉸接的,例如用柱銷(xiāo)(圓形的)或棱柱體銷(xiāo)軸鉸接,以便成形開(kāi)式或閉式(回環(huán)式)的運(yùn)動(dòng)鏈。 ) 2. A mechanism or linkage is a constrained kinematic chain, and is a mechanical device that has the purpose of transferring motion and/or force from a source to an output. A linkage consists of links (or bars), generally considered rigid, which are connected by joints, such as pin (or revolute) or prismatic joints, to form open or closed chains (or loops). Such kinematic chains, with at least one link fixed, bee (1) mechanisms if at least two other links remain mobility, or (2) structures if no mobility remains. In other words, a mechanism permits relative motion between its rigid links。如果構(gòu)件中的某一構(gòu)件被固定而使任何其他一個(gè)構(gòu)件運(yùn)動(dòng)到新的位置將會(huì)引起其他各個(gè)構(gòu)件也運(yùn)動(dòng)到確定的預(yù)期的位置上的話,該系統(tǒng)裝置就是一個(gè)可約束的運(yùn)動(dòng)鏈。 24. The ultrasonic machining process is applied to both conducting and nonconducting material, and relies entirely upon abrasive action for metal removal. 超聲波加工工藝既應(yīng)用于導(dǎo)體材料,也用于非導(dǎo)體材料,并且完全依賴于磨損作用進(jìn)行金屬切削。 22. Tracer milling is characterized by coordinated or synchronized movements of either the paths of the cutter and tracing elements, or the paths of the workpiece and model. 仿形銑床的特點(diǎn)是刀具和跟蹤元件的軌跡運(yùn)動(dòng)的協(xié)調(diào)或同步,或者是工件和模型的軌跡運(yùn)動(dòng)的協(xié)調(diào)或同步。 20. Finishing, for which the metal removal rate, and consequently the cutting force, is low, but the required dimensional accuracy and surface finish relatively high. 精加工,通常金屬切削率和切削力低,但所要求的尺寸精度和表面光潔度相對(duì)高。 18. The important difference between the two is that area contact exists between the teeth of doubleenveloping gears while only line contact between those of singleenveloping gears. 這兩者之間的重要區(qū)別是:在雙包圍蝸輪組的輪齒間有面接觸,而在單包圍蝸輪組的輪齒間只有線接觸。 16. Chemical milling is controlled etching process using strong alkaline or acid etchants. Aluminum, titanium, magnesium, and steel are the principal metals processed by this method. 化學(xué)蝕刻,通過(guò)使用強(qiáng)堿或強(qiáng)酸蝕刻劑來(lái)控制蝕刻過(guò)程,鋁,鈦,鎂和鋼是用這種方法處理的主要金屬。 14. Machines using basically the singlepoint cutting tools include: (1) engine lathes, (2) turret lathes, (3) tracing and duplicating lathes, (4) singlespindle automatic lathes, (5) multispindle automatic lathes, (6) shapers and planers, (7) boring machines. 使用單刃切 削刀具的機(jī)床主要包括: (1)普通車(chē)床, (2)六角車(chē)床, (3)仿形車(chē)床, (4)單軸自動(dòng)車(chē)床, (5)多軸自動(dòng)車(chē)床, (6)牛頭刨床和龍門(mén)刨床 , (7)鏜床。 9. The problem of the specialist in mechanical design is not how to design a rolling bearing but, rather, how to select one. 在機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)中,專(zhuān)家所面臨的問(wèn)題,不是如何設(shè)計(jì)軸承,而是如何挑選軸承。 7. Methods of joining parts are extremely important in the engineering of a quality design, and it is necessary to have a thorough understanding of the performance of fasteners and joints under all conditions of use and design. 在質(zhì)量設(shè)計(jì)工程中,聯(lián)結(jié)零部件的方法非常重要,因此,徹底了解緊固零件和聯(lián)結(jié)零件在所有使用和設(shè)計(jì)條件下的性能是非常必要的。 5. Although there are many tooth shapes possible in which a mating tooth could be designed to satisfy the fundamental law, only two are in general use: the cycloidal and involute profiles. 雖然可以設(shè)計(jì)出有很多 齒廓來(lái)滿足傳動(dòng)裝置的基本定律,但通常所使用的只有兩種:即擺線齒廓和漸開(kāi)線齒廓。一個(gè)典型的例子將要求一個(gè)含有上升一停歇一返回和可能另一個(gè)停歇的周期,每階段經(jīng)過(guò)一個(gè)指定的角度,伴隨著一個(gè)所要求的從動(dòng)件的位移,這個(gè)位移以厘米或度來(lái)度量。) 1. Although a cam and follower may be designed for motion, path, or function generation, the majority of applications utilize the cam and follower for function generation. 雖然可以把凸輪和它的從動(dòng)件設(shè)計(jì)為用于運(yùn)動(dòng)變換,路徑變換或者函數(shù)變換,但大多數(shù)用途是利用凸輪和它的從動(dòng)件做函數(shù)變換。 ) 5. Kinematic inversion is the process of fixing different links of a chain to create different mechanisms.(這個(gè)過(guò)程的動(dòng)態(tài)反演是固定的 ,不同的連接創(chuàng)造出不同的機(jī)制 。 ) 3. The process of drawing kinematic diagrams and determining degrees of freedom of mechanisms are the first steps in both the kinematic analysis and synthesis process.( 畫(huà)運(yùn)動(dòng)圖和確定機(jī)構(gòu)自由度的過(guò)程,就是運(yùn)動(dòng)分析和綜合過(guò)程的第一個(gè)階段。 ) 2. Although the fourbar linkage and slidercrank mechanism are very useful and found in thousands of applications, we can see that these linkages have limited performance level.( 雖然四桿機(jī)構(gòu)和曲柄滑塊機(jī)構(gòu)是非常有用而且在成千上萬(wàn)的應(yīng)用中都可找到?!稒C(jī)械工程專(zhuān)業(yè)英語(yǔ)》 一、 將下列單詞譯成漢語(yǔ) 1. Mechanism(機(jī)械,機(jī)構(gòu),機(jī)構(gòu)學(xué)) 2. configuration(外形,構(gòu)造,結(jié)構(gòu)) 3. displacement(位移) 4. velocity(速度) 5. acceleration(加速度) 6. gear(齒輪) 7. sprocket(鏈輪) 8. pulley(帶輪) 9. kinematician /dynamics(運(yùn)動(dòng) /動(dòng)力學(xué),力學(xué)) 10. kinematician(運(yùn)動(dòng)) 11. cam 凸輪 12. camshaft 凸輪軸 13. accuracy 精度 14. dependability 可靠性 15. pulley 滑輪 16. flywheel 飛輪 17. crank 曲柄 18. sprocket 鏈輪 19. axle 心軸 20. spindle 主軸 21. clutche 離合器 22. brake 制動(dòng) 23. shaper 牛頭刨床 24. planer 龍門(mén)刨 25. pulley 皮帶輪 26. flywheel 飛輪 27. spindle 軸 28. clutche 離合器 29. crank 曲柄 30. sprocket 鏈輪 31. axle 車(chē)軸 32. brake 制動(dòng) 33. warpage 配氣機(jī)構(gòu) 34. coolant 冷卻劑 二、 將下列詞組譯成漢語(yǔ) 1. kinematic chain(運(yùn)動(dòng)鏈) 2. skeleton diagram(草圖,示意圖,簡(jiǎn)圖) 3. Gear system/Cam system(齒輪傳動(dòng)系統(tǒng) /凸輪系統(tǒng)) 4. uniform motion/nonuniform motion(勻速運(yùn)動(dòng) /非勻速運(yùn)動(dòng)) 5. nonlinear motion(非線性運(yùn)動(dòng)) 6. kinematic analysis(運(yùn)動(dòng)分析) 7. schematic diagram(運(yùn)動(dòng)簡(jiǎn)圖) 8. textile machinery(紡織機(jī)械) 9. Kinematic design/ kinematic syntheses(運(yùn)動(dòng)設(shè)計(jì) /運(yùn)動(dòng)合成) 10. machine design(機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)) 11. Gear trains/ Cam mechanisms(輪系,齒輪傳動(dòng)鏈 /凸輪機(jī)構(gòu)) 12. dynamic force/inertia force/ static force(動(dòng)力 /慣性力 /靜力) 13. relative velocity/ absolute velocity(相對(duì)速度 /絕對(duì)速度) 14. angular acceleration/ tangential acceleration/ centripetal acceleration/ velocity vector(角加速度 /切向加速度 /向心加速度 /速度矢量) 15. binary link/ ternary link(二桿組 /三桿組) 16. the base circle(基圓) 17. the pitch curve(嚙合曲線) 18. the contact force(接觸力) 19. the intermittent motion(間歇運(yùn)動(dòng)) 20. the mon normal(公法線) 21. the conjugate profiles(共軛齒廓) 22. the cycloidal profiles (擺線齒形) 23. the involute profiles(漸開(kāi)線齒形) 24. the spur gear(直齒輪) 25. the herringbone gears(雙螺旋齒輪) 26. the face gear(端面齒輪) 27. the radial distance(徑向距離) 28. the addendum circle(齒頂圓) 29. The tooth thickness(齒厚) 30. the tooth space(齒間隙) 31. the cap screws(螺釘) 32. the setscrews(固定螺絲釘) 33. the engineering graphics(工程力學(xué)) 34. mechanical design(機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)) 35. the installation techniques(安裝技術(shù)) 36. the bolted joint(螺栓連接)