【正文】 的首字母排列。如：Eggins, Suzanne, and Diane Slade. Analysing Casual Conversation. London: Cassell, 1997. Marquart, James W., Sheldon Ekland Olson, and Jonathan R. Sorensen. The Rope, the Chair, and the Needle: Capital Punishment in Texas, 1923 – 1990. Austin: U of Texas P. 1994. 金圣華, 黃國彬. 困難見巧——名家翻譯經(jīng)驗(yàn)談. 香港: 三聯(lián)書店有限公司, 1996. 四位或更多作者的同一本書只需要標(biāo)注第一作者，其他的用et 。如：Dostoevsky, Feodor. Crime and Punishment. Trans. Jessie Coulson. Ed. George Gibian. New York: Norton, 1964. 趙元任. 中國話的文法. 丁邦新譯. 香港: 香港中文大學(xué)出版社, 1968. 如果著重是指譯作本身，則此條目以譯者的姓名開始，在文獻(xiàn)的標(biāo)題之后補(bǔ)充說明原作者的姓名。如：Crane, Stephen. The Red Badge of Courage: An Episode of the American Civil War. 1895. Ed. Fredson Bowere. Charlottesville: UP of Virginia, 1975. 如果著重強(qiáng)調(diào)編者所作的工作，則此條目以編者的姓名開始，在文獻(xiàn)的標(biāo)題之后補(bǔ)充說明原作者的姓名。Chicago為出版地，U of Chicago P為出版社名稱，1987為出版年份。（這里應(yīng)說明一下書名用斜體；下面還要說明雜志期刊的名稱也要用斜體）要標(biāo)注出參考文獻(xiàn)的全名，包括副標(biāo)題在內(nèi)。（例如？）二、參考文獻(xiàn)著錄的格式獨(dú)立作者的書Graff, Gerald. Professing Literature: An Institutional History. Chicago: U ofChicago P, 1987.此例當(dāng)中Graff為作者的姓氏，Gerald為作者的名。 and infected by that emotion, the other little boys began to shake and sob too. (186)中文引文正文中的中文引文應(yīng)提供英文譯文。如：At the conclusion of Lord of the Flies, Ralph and the other boys realize the horror of their actions: The tears began to flow and sobs shook him. He gave himself up to them now for the first time on the island。如：N. Scott Momaday’s House Made of Dawn begins with an image that also concludes the novel: “Abel was running” (7). 如果引文本身是以問號(hào)或感嘆號(hào)結(jié)束，后面緊接夾注，那么保留原來的問號(hào)或感嘆號(hào)，在夾注后另加句號(hào)?！保柼?hào)（“?”）和感嘆號(hào)（“!”）都必須放在引號(hào)之外,除非這些標(biāo)點(diǎn)是引文的一部分。引語中的標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)按照慣例，緊跟在引語之后的句號(hào)和逗號(hào)都必須放在引號(hào)之內(nèi)（無論單引號(hào)還是雙引號(hào)）。In surveying various responses to plagues in the Middle Ages, Barbara W. Tuchman writes, “Medical thinking, trapped in the theory of astral influences, stressed air as the municator of disease [. . .].”注意：省略的部分出現(xiàn)在句末，此種情況下第二個(gè)中括號(hào)后不需要空格。如果要加入或者更改個(gè)別單詞或者詞組，則可以將需要加入或者更改的單詞或詞組放在方括號(hào)“[ ]”以內(nèi)。如：Marguerite Duras’s screenplay for Hiroshima mon amour suggests at the outset the profound difference between observation and experience: HE. You saw nothing in Hiroshima. Nothing. SHE I saw .[. . .] The hospital, for instance, I saw it. I’m sure I did. There is a hospital in Hiroshima. How could I help seeing it? HE. You did not see the hospital in Hiroshima. You saw nothing in Hiroshima. (250506) 引語中文字的增減為了使含直接引語的句子合乎語法，往往有必要對(duì)引語的文字作一定的更改。每一位人物的對(duì)話應(yīng)以人物的姓名作為開頭（大寫），后面加上句號(hào)和空格，然后引用對(duì)話的內(nèi)容。引語段的段首和段尾不得使用引號(hào)。如：Reflecting on the “incident” in Baltimore, Cullen concludes, “Of all the things that happened there/ That’s all that I remember” (1112) 如果引語超過了三行，則應(yīng)該另起一行，作為獨(dú)立的引語段。詩歌作為引語詩歌的一行或一行中的部分字句作為引語應(yīng)該寫入正文，并且用雙引號(hào)標(biāo)明。如果引語段為兩個(gè)自然段或以上，每段首行還需要進(jìn)一步縮進(jìn)3格。引語段左邊均應(yīng)較正文縮進(jìn)10格的距離。如果引語超過了四行，則應(yīng)該另起一行，作為獨(dú)立的引語段。單引號(hào)只允許用來標(biāo)注引語中的引語，否則不得使用?！妒ソ?jīng)》各篇的縮寫有標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的寫法，因而使用時(shí)應(yīng)該注意核對(duì)。（注意標(biāo)點(diǎn)和縮略語的使用。例如： 第一次引用：(lines 58) 以后的引用：(1213) 在引用有章節(jié)、分冊的小說的時(shí)候，應(yīng)標(biāo)出引文所在的頁碼、冊數(shù)、章節(jié)，如：One of Kingsolver’s narrators, teenager Rachel, pushes her vocabulary beyond its limits. For example, Rachel plains that being forced to live in the Congo with her missionary family is “a sheer tapestry of justice” because her chances of finding a boyfriend are “dull and void” (117。）在引用詩歌時(shí)應(yīng)標(biāo)出引文的節(jié)、行，如：When Homer’s Odysseus es to the hall of Circe, he finds his men “mild / in her soft spell, fed on her drug of evil” ().這里的括號(hào)夾注表示引文來自詩歌第10節(jié)的209至211行。引用文學(xué)和宗教作品在引用劇本時(shí)應(yīng)標(biāo)出引文的幕、場、行，如： In his famous advice to players, Shakespeare’s Hamlet defines the purpose of theater, “whose end, both at the first and now, was and is, to hold, as ‘twere, the mirror up to nature” ().這里的括號(hào)夾注表示引文來自劇本第三幕第二場的21至23行。 Williams 30).引用非直接文獻(xiàn)論文應(yīng)盡可能避免使用非直接文獻(xiàn)（即二級(jí)文獻(xiàn)secondary source），但在無法找到直接文獻(xiàn)（即一級(jí)文獻(xiàn)primary source）的情況下，引文可以從非直接文獻(xiàn)中析出，例如：Samuel Johnson admitted that Edmund Burke was an “extraordinary man” (qtd. in Boswell 450).（注意：“qtd. in”中的字母“i”不得大寫。如： A presidential mission reported in 1970 that recent campus protests had focused on “racial injustice, war, and the university itself” (Report 3). A New York Times editorial called Ralph Ellison “a writer of universal reach” (“Death”). 在使用關(guān)鍵詞組時(shí)應(yīng)該選擇標(biāo)題開始部分的詞組，如：Gloosary of terms Used in Heraldry 應(yīng)該縮略為Gloosary，而非Heraldry.引用同一作者的多篇文獻(xiàn)引用同一作者的多篇文獻(xiàn)時(shí)，在括號(hào)夾注中應(yīng)加入文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)題中的關(guān)鍵詞組，如：Lightenor has argued that puters are not useful tools for small children (“Too Soon” 38), though he has acknowledged that early exposure to puter games does lead to better small motor skill development (“HandEye Development” 17). 或者 Computers are not useful tools for small children (Lightenor, “Too Soon” 38), though he has acknowledged that early exposure to puter games does lead to better small motor s