【正文】 ned the army three years ago.②“延續(xù)法”He has been in the army for three years.③“since法”It is/has been three years since he joined the army.過去完成時had done。 —Where is Li Hua? －He has gone to the readingroom.—She knows a lot about Shanghai.－She has been there.（即瞬間動詞），join,lose,buy,borrow,leave,go,e,arrive,die,marry, finish,plete,begin,start,break out等，在完成時態(tài)中，其肯定式不能和表示一段時間的狀語連用。I have finished the report./ She has cleand the room.，待續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作或狀態(tài)，往往和“for...”, “since...”表述的一段時間狀語連用。The sun is rising in the 。，描繪更加生動。He is working as a teacher tomorrow.從明天起他要做老師。一般過去時did,( 連系動詞was/were)表達(dá)特定的過去時間內(nèi)發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀況，或過去某一時間內(nèi)經(jīng)常發(fā)生或反復(fù)發(fā)生的動作或行為。There es the 。I’ll go there after I finish my work.If it rains tomorrow,I won’t go there.,there開頭的句子里，go,e等少數(shù)動詞的一般在時表示正在發(fā)生的動作。特別關(guān)注：go hungry,e true,turn writer接雙賓語的動詞give sb. sth=give sb buy sb. sth.=buy sth. for sb但是我們只能說：suggest sth. to sb. explain sb. read sth. to sb.短語動詞的辨析熟記?？嫉亩陶Z動詞的意義容易被我們忽視的知識點(diǎn)sell, write, wash, wear等詞的主動形式后跟副詞表示被動意義happen, occur,take place, break out, e out, belong to等無被動形式六、動詞的時態(tài)和語態(tài)1. 常用?？嫉膭釉~時態(tài)和用法：（以do為例）名稱構(gòu)成用法一般現(xiàn)在時do/does,( 連系動詞is/am/are )、習(xí)慣性動作、客觀真理、科學(xué)事實(shí)、格言，目前的特征、狀態(tài)、能力等。In this way both grain and vegetable can be well looked after. (不能漏掉after) 這樣一來，糧食和蔬菜都能兼顧了。look after照料，look at看，look for尋找動詞+副詞+介詞I look forward to seeing you soon. 我盼望不久就見到你。注意：①當(dāng)它跟賓語時，不能把介詞放在賓語后面。④不同動詞和同一副詞搭配時，在意義上有很大的差異break out發(fā)生，爆炸 carry out進(jìn)行，開展 go out熄滅hand out分發(fā) let out放出 look out當(dāng)心sell out賣完 set out出發(fā), take out取出work out算出 動詞+介詞(及物)I39。②如果賓語是人稱代詞，只能放在動詞和副詞之間She gave them 。（及物）Harry turned up after the party when everyone had left.晚會后，人們都已離去，哈里出現(xiàn)了。have(has)。五、動詞和短語動詞知識網(wǎng)絡(luò)動詞的分類行為動詞（實(shí)義動詞）①及物動詞（帶賓語）：study, develop。用times 表倍數(shù)通常用于三倍以上，兩倍可以用twice或double.注意：1. 可以修飾比較級的詞有：much, many, a lot, even, far, a bit, a little, still, yet, by far, any, a great deal；2. 表示“最高程度“的形容詞沒有最高級和比較級。表達(dá)法二：A is three(four, etc.)times as big(high, long, etc.)as B. Asia is four times as large as Europe. 亞洲是歐洲的四倍大/亞洲比歐洲大三倍。（意為：我度過了最為令人煩惱的一天。要注意題干中將比較的另一方陰藏起來的情況。比較級和最高級的構(gòu)成一般是在形容詞和副詞后加er和est，多音節(jié)和一些雙音節(jié)詞前加more 和most。Afraid of difficulties, they prefer to take the easy ，他們寧愿走好走的路。規(guī)則：限定語（The、A）+ 描繪性形容詞 + size（?。? shape（形狀）+ age（年齡、時間）+ color（顏色）+ origin（國籍、來源）+ material（材料）+ purpose（目的）+ 名詞。none作主語或賓語，代替不可數(shù)名詞，謂語用單數(shù)，代替可數(shù)名詞，謂語單復(fù)數(shù)皆可以①There is no water in the bottle.②How much water is there in the bottle? None.③None of the students are (is) afraid of difficulties.other和anotherother泛指“另外的，別的”常與其他詞連用，如：the other day, every otherweek, someother reason, no other way, the other特指兩者中的另外一個，復(fù)數(shù)為the others①Both sides have accused of breaking the contract.A. another B. the other C. neither D. each②Two students in our class failed, but all the others passed the exam.another指“又一個，另一個”無所指，復(fù)數(shù)形式是others，泛指“別的人或事”①We had a piic last term and it was a lot of fun，so let’s have ______ one this month． A．the other B．some C．a(chǎn)nother D．other②The trousers are too long, please give me another pair / some others.③Some like football, while others like basketball.either和neither前者意思為：兩者都（兩者中任何一方都）；后者意思為：兩者都①—Do you want tea or coffee? — ______, I really don39。it 。one 。此外it還可以作形式主語、形式賓語和用于強(qiáng)調(diào)句型中。There are two chairs and a desk in the room.There is a desk and two chairs in the room.主語后面跟有with, together with, except, but, like, as well as, no less than, rather than, more than, besides, along with, including, in addition to 等引起的短語， 謂語動詞要跟主語一致，即就遠(yuǎn)一致。Either the teacher or the students are our friends. Neither he nor they are wholly right.Neither they nor he is wholly right. Is neither he nor they wholly right?there be 句型中be 動詞的單復(fù)數(shù)取決于其后的主語。My glasses are broken.The pair of shoes under the bed is his.“定冠詞the+形容詞或分詞”，表示某一類人動詞用復(fù)數(shù)；若表示某一類東西時，動詞用單數(shù)。The paper works was built in 。One and a half apples is left on the table.一些學(xué)科名詞是以ics結(jié)尾，如：mathematics, politics, physics 以及news, works 等。Thirty minutes is enough for the work..Twenty pounds is too dear.如強(qiáng)調(diào)這類詞的復(fù)數(shù)意義，則謂語動詞要用復(fù)數(shù)形式Forty kilos of water are used every day.若英語是書名名格言劇名報名國名等的復(fù)數(shù)形式，其謂語動詞通常用單數(shù)形式。A number of students have gone to the farm to help the farmer pick apples.The number of pages in this book is three hundred.在倒裝句中，謂語動詞的數(shù)應(yīng)與其后的主語一致There es the bus. On the wall are many pictures.Such is the result. Such are the facts.Between the two hills stands a monument.邏輯意義一致原則What, who, which, any, more, all 等代詞可以是單數(shù)，也可是復(fù)數(shù)， 主要靠意思來決定。Those who want to go please write their names on the blackboard.He is one of my friends who are working hard.He is the (only) one of my friends who is working hard.在強(qiáng)調(diào)句型中應(yīng)與被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分一致It is I who am going to the cinema tonight.It is we who are going to the cinema tonight.如果集體名詞指的是整個集體，它的謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式； 如果它指的集體的成員，其謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式The police are looking for the lost child. The cattle are eating grass in the field.His family has moved to the south .(他的一家) His family are watching TV.（他的家人）Class four is on the third floor.（四班） Class Four are unable to agree upon a monitor.（四班的學(xué)生）由a lot of /lots of/ plenty of/ a heap of/ heaps of/ the rest of/the majority of+名詞構(gòu)成的短語以及由分?jǐn)?shù)或百分?jǐn)?shù)+名詞構(gòu)成的短語作主語時，其謂語動詞的數(shù)要根據(jù)短語中后面名詞的數(shù)而定。若它后面的名詞是復(fù)數(shù)，它的謂語動詞用單數(shù)或復(fù)數(shù)都可以。either, neither, each, every 或no+單數(shù)名詞和由some, any no, every構(gòu)成的復(fù)合不定代詞，都作單數(shù)看待。但若所連接的兩個詞是指同一個人或物時，它后面的謂語就用單數(shù)形式。His father is working on the farm. To study English well is not easy.Reading in the sun is bad for your eyes. What he said is very important for us all. 由what引導(dǎo)的主語從句，后面的謂語動詞多數(shù)情況用單數(shù)形式，但若表語是復(fù)數(shù)或what從句是一個帶有復(fù)數(shù)意義的并列結(jié)構(gòu)時，主句的謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。這時名詞前往往有形容詞修飾①Oh, John. _____you gave me! a pleasant surprise pleasant surprise a pleasant surprise D. What pleasant surprise②She looked up