殺菌劑毒理學(上)(1)-文庫吧資料
2025-01-18 13:53本頁面
【正文】 and horticulturally according to the mode of application (use) as: 8 Classification according to use ?(a) soil application fungicides, ?(b) foliar fungicides which are applied to plants above the ground。 10 Classification according to action ?(b) postinfection curative fungicides which kill (inhibit) the developing mycelium in the plant epidermis. ?(c) Postsymptomatic eradication fungicides which perate and kill the mycelium and new spores. 11 Classification according to action ?保護型殺菌劑 protective fungicide ?鏟除性殺菌劑 eradication fungicide ?治療性殺菌劑 curative fungicide ?內吸性殺菌劑 systemic fungicide 12 Toxicity of fungicide ?In general, fungicides are of low to moderate mammalian toxicology, although they are believed to have a higher overall incidence than other pesticides to cause developmental toxicology and oncogenesis. 13 Toxicity of fungicide ?It has, for example, been estimated that more than 80 per cent of all oncogenic risk from the use of pesticides es from a few fungicides. 14 Toxicity of fungicide ?Fungicides usually are responsible for only a small proportion of pesticiderelated deaths, and account for only about 5 per cent or less of human pesticide exposures reported to Poison Control Centers. 15 Toxicity of fungicide ?It has been noted that since fungi differ significantly in morphology and physiology from other forms of life, they may be successfully bated by pounds of low toxicity to other anisms, notably mammals. 16 ?Part II ?Mode of Action 17 殺菌劑毒理學 ?殺菌作用 (fungitoxicity) ?抑菌作用 (fungistasis) ?內吸性殺菌劑 (systemic fungicides, systemics) ?抗產孢劑 (antisporulants) 18 內吸性殺菌劑（ systemic fungicide ） ?選擇性 (selectivity) ? (1) 靶標位點 (target site)和作用位點(site of action) ? (2)靶標受體 (receptor)對藥劑的親合力(affinity)的差異 ? (3)藥劑對原生質膜滲透性 (permeability)的差異 ? (4)對殺菌劑的積累 (或排出 )、解毒(detoxify)作用的差異等 19 殺菌劑毒理學 ?離體（ in vitro） 活體（ in vivo） ?無殺菌毒性化合物 (nonfungitoxic pounds) ? (1)干擾病原菌的致病機理，削弱病原菌的致病力或使病原菌不能侵入；三環(huán)唑(tricyclazole)為抗穿透劑(antiperant) ? (2)提高寄主植物的抗病能力。植物防衛(wèi)激活劑(plant defense activators) . 20 殺菌劑毒理學 ?病害防治化合物 (disease control pounds): 無殺菌毒性但是又能夠防治植物病害的化合物。 21 Mechanisms of Fungicide Action 1. Biosynthesis: Sterol, Nucleic acid, protein, mitosis and cell division, lipid, glucan(葡聚糖 ), cell wall 2. Respiration: Electron transport, oxidative phosphorylation 3. Growth regulator: cell wall biosynthesisinhibiting oomyceticides 4. Structure 22 1: Nucleic acids synthesis ?(1) RNA polymerase I ? PhenylAmides苯酰胺類 : Metalaxyl甲霜靈 ?(2) Adenosin
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