【正文】 ctive against mites螨類 , primarily as an ovicide殺卵劑 . 2022/2/15 All Copyrights Reserved Panrq 64 多菌靈 Carbendazim Systemic fungicide with protective and curative action. Uses: control of Septoria (殼針孢屬 ), Fusarium, Erysiphe (白粉菌屬 ) and Pseudocercosporella (假小尾孢屬 ) in cereals。 ? 月季黑斑病 black spot of roses。 ? 尾孢屬葉斑病 Cercospora leaf spots。 ? 褐腐病 brown rot of stone fruits。 容易產(chǎn)生抗藥性（保護(hù)性殺菌劑中唯一的一類） They are specially active against members of sclerotiniaceae （核盤菌科） family ? 核盤菌屬 Scletotinia ? 葡萄核盤菌屬 Botryotinia (葡萄孢屬 Botrytis) ? 鏈核盤菌屬 Monilinia 2022/2/15 All Copyrights Reserved Panrq 56 Diseases 生菜菌核病 番茄菌核病： 黑色鼠糞狀菌核 辣椒菌核病 花卉灰霉病 2022/2/15 All Copyrights Reserved Panrq 57 咪唑霉 Iprodione sold as Rovral, is a broadspectrum, foliagecontact fungicide. It is effective against Botrytis, Monilinia, and Sclerotinia, and also against Alternaria and Rhizoctonia. It is applied most often as a foliar spray and also as a postharvest dip and as a seed treatment. Used mainly on sunflower, cereals, fruit trees, berry fruit, oilseed rape, rice, cotton, vegetables, and vines as a foliar spray. 2022/2/15 All Copyrights Reserved Panrq 58 內(nèi)吸性殺菌劑 systemic fungicides 2022/2/15 All Copyrights Reserved Panrq 59 苯并咪唑類及相關(guān)化合物Benzimidazoles and related pounds 苯菌靈（或苯來(lái)特）benomyl 多菌靈 carbendazim 噻菌靈（或特克多）thiabenazole 硫菌靈（或托布津）thiophanate 共同結(jié)構(gòu)特點(diǎn)：咪唑環(huán) ? 硫菌靈在植物體內(nèi) 轉(zhuǎn)化成多菌靈 2022/2/15 All Copyrights Reserved Panrq 60 苯并咪唑類及相關(guān)化合物Benzimidazoles and related pounds 廣譜活性，但是對(duì)卵菌綱無(wú)效 Broadspectrum: effective against numerous types of diseases caused by a wide variety of fungi. But, has no effect on oomycetes 具有保護(hù)和治療作用的內(nèi)吸劑 Systemic fungicide with protective and curative action. 對(duì)作物安全 Safe to crops. 高風(fēng)險(xiǎn)抗藥性殺菌劑 High risk in resistance development. 2022/2/15 All Copyrights Reserved Panrq 61 苯菌靈：防病譜 Benomyl： spectrum Benomyl is particularly effective for ? 作物白粉病 powdery mildew of all crops。且藥效穩(wěn)定，殘效期長(zhǎng) 殺藻劑和工業(yè)防霉劑 2022/2/15 All Copyrights Reserved Panrq 53 百菌清 Chlorothalonil A tablet formulation of chlorothalonil called Termil is thermally dispersed in greenhouses for control of Botrytis on many ornamentals and for several leaf molds and blights of tomato. Chronic administration of chlorothalonil has been associated with tumour formation in the kidney and forestomach of rats and male mice. 2022/2/15 All Copyrights Reserved Panrq 54 公眾對(duì)化學(xué)農(nóng)藥的關(guān)注 EPA’s (Environmental Protection Agency, .) list of B2 carcinogens changes from time to time, but recently (1996) it included four fungicides that are very important in disease management: ? chlorothalonil (百菌清 ), ? captan (克菌丹 ), ? maneb (代森錳 ), and mancozeb (代森錳鋅 ). carcinogenicity（致癌）、 teratogenicity（致畸）、 mutagenicity（致突變） 2022/2/15 All Copyrights Reserved Panrq 55 防治核盤菌灰霉菌特效的殺菌劑 二甲酰亞胺類 Dicarboximides：乙烯菌核利vinclozolin、 速克靈 procymidone、 咪唑霉Iprodione； 都是保護(hù)劑，但， 速克靈有弱內(nèi)吸性。 根腐和瘁倒病特效 2022/2/15 All Copyrights Reserved Panrq 51 芳烴 Aromatic hydrocarbon 五氯硝基苯 Quintozene Pentachloronitrobenzene, sold as PCNB, is a long lasting soil fungicide. It controls various soilborne diseases of vegetables, turf, and ornamentals and is applied as a dip or in the furrow at planting time. It is used primarily against Rhizoctonia （絲核菌） , Sclerotium （小菌核屬） , Sclerotinia （核盤菌屬） and Plasmodiophora（根腫菌） . 2022/2/15 All Copyrights Reserved Panrq 52 百菌清 Chlorothalonil available as Bravo and several other trade names, is an excellent broadspectrum fungicide against many leaf spots, blights, downy mildews, rusts, anthraoses, scabs, and fruit rots of many vegetables, field crops, ornamentals, turf, and even trees. 殺菌譜廣：卵菌，子囊菌，擔(dān)子菌。 ? 土傳的真菌、細(xì)菌（大白菜軟腐?。┮灿行А? 2022/2/15 All Copyrights Reserved Panrq 49 氨基磺酸類：敵克松 Fenaminosulf 特點(diǎn)： ? 水溶性大（ 2 per cent to 3 per cent soluble in water）； ? 遇光分解：如作噴霧，要在傍晚，以避開(kāi)日光； Rapid photodeposition. The aqueous solution is not stable in the presence of sunlight ? 弱內(nèi)吸； ? 毒性大： LD50， 60mg/kg， 屬高毒 。 噴霧 、 種子處理及土壤處理 （ 性質(zhì)穩(wěn)定 ） ， 是優(yōu)良的銅 、 汞代用品 。 特點(diǎn)：多作用點(diǎn) ， 廣譜保護(hù)劑 。 2022/2/15 All Copyrights Reserved Panrq 47 a brief summary At very high levels, maneb has caused birth defects in test animals。 常與內(nèi)吸劑混配，用于延緩病菌抗藥性的產(chǎn)生 。 ? 代森類：多用于蔬菜，對(duì)作物安全。 ? 福美類：福美雙，主要用作拌種劑，防治種子傳染或者幼苗期土傳病害；如禾谷類黑穗病，作物苗期立枯病等。 ? 福美類，形成螯合物，相對(duì)比較穩(wěn)定，殘效期長(zhǎng)。 leaf curl and Monillia on stone fruit. Used in seed treatments（優(yōu)良的汞劑代用品） ? dampingoff diseases (. Pythium spp.), and other diseases like Fusarium spp. of maize, cotton, cereals, legumes, vegetables and ornamentals. 2022/2/15 All Copyrights Reserved Panrq 44 福美雙 Thiram 土壤澆灌 Thiram is also good as soil drench for control of damping off and seedling blights. 鳥(niǎo)類驅(qū)避劑 Also used as a bird repellent. 2022/2/15 All Copyrights Reserved Panrq 45 代森錳和代森錳鋅 Maneb and Mancozeb Maneb is sometimes mixed with zinc ion and results in the formulations known as mancozeb. Dithane M45 is a bined product of zinc ion (2%) and maneb (78%). The addition of zinc reduces the phytotoxicity of maneb and improves its fungicidal properties. A secondary effect of the use of mancozeb is to supply Mn and Zn to deficient plants. 2022/2/15 All Copyrights Reserved Panrq 46 a brief summary 共同特點(diǎn)：分子結(jié)構(gòu)上都有 CS 基團(tuán)。 rust on ornamentals。 powdery mildews on a range of crops, and in forestry。對(duì) 嗜水性真菌 效果不好。 因此 ， 加工成各種不同的劑型 。懸浮液 膠體硫 40%硫 ， 紙漿廢液 膠體 硫 12 181。 蘋果的銅制劑藥害 2022/2/15 All Copyrights Reserved Panrq 37 phytotoxicity Damage to grapefruit following application of a copper fungicide Damage to leaves following application of a copper fungicide 2022