殺菌劑毒理學(上)(1)(參考版)
2025-01-15 13:53本頁面
【正文】 ? Erwinia amylovora, E. chrysanthemi, Pseudomonas syringae, Pseudomonas solanecarum, Xanthomonas campestris. ? Biological control anisms 58 Mode of action Actigard Induction of Systemic Acquired Resistance 59 SAR gene expression Classical SAR and other gene expression Pest resistance Gene expression involved in plant growth Increased nutrient uptake Increased photosynthesis Signal amplification receptor harpin Ionexchange Salicylic Acid Pathway Jasmonic Acid Pathway Mode of action Messenger 60 。1,3 Glucanase（葡聚糖酶） ? Systemic accumulation of antimicrobial pounds called phytoalexins（植物抗毒素） . 53 Chitinases ? Chitin is the major ponent of all fungal cell walls except for the Oomycetes ? Chitinases break down fungal cell walls ? Chitinases can break down insect exoskeletons ? Activity is greatly enhanced by Glucanase 54 223。 ?在離體下無殺菌毒性，在活體內通過削弱病原菌的致病能力或者提高寄主抗病能力來達到防治病害的作用機理也被稱為間接作用機理 (indirect mode of action) 。系統(tǒng)性獲得抗病性 (systemic acquired resistance, SAR) 。 ?(c) dressing fungicides applied after harvesting with the aim of preventing fungus development on stored crops. 9 Classification according to action ?Fungicides may also be described according to their general mode of action: ?(a) protective fungicides inhibiting the development of fungi by either sporicidal effects or foliar effects creating an environment on the plant surface not conducive to fungal growth。 ?第二代殺菌劑（ anic chemicals） ?傳統(tǒng)保護劑 (conventional protectants) ?植物藥害 (phytotoxicity) ； ?第三代殺菌劑：內吸性殺菌劑（ systemic fungicide ） ?第四代殺菌劑：三環(huán)唑等較早使用的無殺菌毒性化合物。Fungicide Toxicology ?Part I ?Introduction 1 殺菌劑毒理學 Introduction ?Fungicide： A substance possessing the power of killing or preventing the growth of fungi. ?殺菌劑（ fungicide）：殺菌、抑菌、提高抗病力，所有這種能達到防治植物病害的農(nóng)藥都是殺菌劑。 2 Introduction ?Fungicides are used to eradicate or prevent the undesirable growth of fungal microanism in many agricultural, horticultural, and industrial situations. Introduction ?殺菌劑（ fungicide）： ?殺真菌劑（ fungicide） ?抑真菌劑 (fungistat) ?殺細菌劑（ bactericide） ?殺病毒劑 （ viricides） 4 殺菌劑的發(fā)展 ?第一代殺菌劑（ inanic chemicals） 。 5 殺菌劑的發(fā)展 ?無機 有機 ?多作用位點 少作用位點 單一位點 ?非內吸 內吸 ?保護劑 治療劑 6 Ideal fungicide characteristics a) low mammalian toxicity b) low ecotoxicity c) low phytotoxicity d) high peration rates for spores and mycelia e) limited biodegradation on the plant surface. 7 Classification of Fungicide ?In addition to classification by chemical structural grouping, fungicides can be categorized agriculturally
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