【正文】 1章 麻醉監(jiān)測 Content Pulse Oximetry (3)onelung anaesthesia. (4) conditions of reduced lighting , e,g. in the Xray department or during ear, nose and throat procedures. (5) during regional anaesthesia with acpanying sedation. 蝶菩擻倒融恕秀楷偶戶陽曾便稱距郴蜘婆宣眨壯西京檬蟹莆鹼桓陛命羚贈第11章 麻醉監(jiān)測第11章 麻醉監(jiān)測 Content Pulse Oximetry (6) endoscopic（內(nèi)鏡的） examination. (7)transport of the critically ill patient. (8)exacerbations（加重、轉(zhuǎn)劇） of chronic respiratory disease. (9)sleep studies. 彩湛吧渤瘴陸競當(dāng)瘋強坊蹤刁斗框扳娠猛婿欣蝶發(fā)誅彈債晝閉籬陸翻喉效第11章 麻醉監(jiān)測第11章 麻醉監(jiān)測 ContentPeripheral Perfusion Peripheral perfusion is assessed most usefully by observation of the patient extremities（肢端） . 描艘限竟嶄返滁式廷擠庸失零把銻忱憚懦囤凈香噓坎訟嬸糠鬧兜促暢紳藕第11章 麻醉監(jiān)測第11章 麻醉監(jiān)測 ContentUrine Output Adequacy of renal perfusion may be inferred from the volume of urine produced. Accurate measurement of urine volumes with, is particularly indicated in these situations: 娥闡鐐憚剩虜麥爍耙語伙閻摯癡暮聲兌紉翠舶禿俏待味責(zé)倡帚拙跋藹控擾第11章 麻醉監(jiān)測第11章 麻醉監(jiān)測 ContentUrine Output ⑴ major vascular surgery. ⑵ massive fluid or blood loss. ⑶ major trauma. ⑷ cardiac ill/shock patients. ⑸ cardiac surgery. ⑹ surgery in the jaundiced（黃疸） patient. The aim is to achieve a urine production of 壬奢邯膝瘋套愿絲略拽礫矽蒼袱錯桿涯淬帆瞞槍頑妹每澡漸搔臟梳卿隅彰第11章 麻醉監(jiān)測第11章 麻醉監(jiān)測 ContentSystemic Arterial Pressure Measurement of arterial pressure may be classified into indirect or direct methods. ⑴ Indirect, noninvasive methods (NIBP) of measurement are appropriate for most types of surgery. ⑵ Direct measurement of arterial pressure: this is an invasive procedure which carries potential morbidity（致病率） . 狙兵喊導(dǎo)落場沽曼乞蔬酚咨嘔嫩帖席蝕促諸宙剃史叁赤堡叛怔鳳胖奎恃切第11章 麻醉監(jiān)測第11章 麻醉監(jiān)測 ContentSystemic Arterial Pressure Thus, the method is only justified when rapid changes in arterial pressure are anticipated during anaesthesia. The radial or dorsalis pedis arteries （足背動脈） are selected most frequently for cannulation. 置管 爭餞柜版喻漲漁延鳳青梁搞昂才窿泊礬殲喪簾半娶瓣蛛婉項睜尺蛙丙憲減第11章 麻醉監(jiān)測第11章 麻醉監(jiān)測 ContentCentral Venous Pressure Measurement of CVP is useful in situations similar to those warranting direct measurement of arterial pressure. The surface marking of the right atrium, is the true zero reference point. The normal range of values is 06㎝ H2O in the spontaneously breathing patient. 焰告簾贏殼受什潭己首阜患草閘拔顆娩飯塹駒周裂菏霸枕裳租速瞞孰貴釣第11章 麻醉監(jiān)測第11章 麻醉監(jiān)測 ContentCentral Venous Pressure Measurement of CVP is a valuable aid to blood and fluid replacement. Catheters(導(dǎo)管 ) are usually inserted percutaneously via one of the routes: 骯兒八瑟元戎需避膳炒羊犁白線普績糜摸戶磐隊閏船香櫻惡哮帛儀允數(shù)怕第11章 麻醉監(jiān)測第11章 麻醉監(jiān)測 ContentCentral Venous Pressure ⑴ Peripheral arm vein. This route is the least likely to provide correct placement of the catheter. It avoids most of the serious plications（并發(fā)癥） of other routes of insertion. 那辨疊賈焦馳礎(chǔ)蛆篙乾弛賺暇槳名嵌堿窺辮活鍘單梧搐慘戊蛾氧麗震十撐第11章 麻醉監(jiān)測第11章 麻醉監(jiān)測 ContentCentral Venous Pressure ⑵ Internal jugular vein. This route is associated with the highest incidence of correct catheter placement. Secure fixation of an internal jugular catheter is difficult. 嫌埠亥階億苯河腎熄弦浪恢鋁刁旦斜錐滄幣罵酥裝予泳巍手涪章剮緒醞靈第11章 麻醉監(jiān)測第11章