英漢語(yǔ)言發(fā)展過(guò)程中的借詞論-文庫(kù)吧資料
2025-01-14 10:58本頁(yè)面
【正文】 age and culture and society promote the creation and development of the borrowings from the objective, the subjective consciousness of human society have the positive or negative impact on borrowings， so social theory linguistics also are in full display here(汪焙焙， 2022). Although the objective world requires people to continually crosscultural munication through words and enrich this nation and the world39。 mixed with English words written by a SID 密碼 , IT 業(yè) , Linux 操作系統(tǒng) , AA 制 and so on(焦 同 梅， 2022). Chinese Loan Words which e into English are mainly in the way of transliteration and translation, by way of a whole new meaning, and bee part of standard English, while Chinese loan words from English impacts the Chinese language in sound, form and meaning. It is noteworthy that no matter full transliteration of neither excuses nor characteristics of the times and historical and cultural characteristics of loan translation, for the borrowing language readers, they should understand its meaning and the relevant background knowledge. 6 3. The development features of Loanwords There are two features in the development of the loanwords. Loanwords are the objective law of development of language and culture. As the carrier of culture, language itself is an open system (opensystem), which has a strong inclusive to absorb and permeability characteristics. As the American linguist Sapir said: Language, like culture, is rarely selfsufficient. From the synchronic point of view, due to the ecological environment in which all ethnic groups, social systems, historical backgrounds, customs, values and behavior in different ways, so each nation39。 some are spelled according to Chinese dialect speech, such as the cheongsam (長(zhǎng)衫 ), longan(龍眼 )， etc； these words borrowed from the Cantonese pronunciation, and pidgin English borrowed from shanghai language. In 20th century, particularly the words which the recent transliteration e into English put by the Chinese spelling as the standard spelling, which is increasingly unified. However, the transliteration in Chinese means that tansliteration of the original word refers to translate words in accordance with pronunciation of English words to use, it can be said to direct borrowing. Such as the gene (基因 ), the Beatles(披頭士 ), Coca (可口可樂(lè) ). Free translation. Maintain the Chinese language content, and the word directly translation into a new word in accordance with its literal meaning, paraphrasing words e out mostly in the form of English phrase. Such as winter melon (冬瓜 ), RedGuard (紅衛(wèi)兵 ), Cultural Revolution (文化大革命 ), iron rice bowl (鐵飯碗 ) , Fourbooks(四書(shū) ), Five Classics(五經(jīng) ), Eight legged essay(八股文 ), Chinese herbal medicine(中草藥 ), bare foot doctor(赤腳醫(yī)生 ),dragonboat festival(龍舟節(jié) ), soy sauce(醬油 ), bean flour(豆面 ), puffed rice(爆米 花 ), glow worm(螢火蟲(chóng) ), white iron(白鐵 ), paper to lose face(丟臉 ), goldenmillet dream(黃粱夢(mèng) ), plainboiled water(白開(kāi)水 ), to fire the first shots(開(kāi)頭炮 ), paper tiger(紙老虎 ), Long march(長(zhǎng)征 ), four modernization(四個(gè)現(xiàn)代化 ), enter by the back door(走后門(mén) ), opendorpolicy(開(kāi)放政策 ), special economiczone(特別經(jīng)濟(jì)區(qū) ), one country, two system(一國(guó)兩制 ), soybean milk(豆?jié){ ), spring roll(春卷 ), mon cake(燜餅 ), bird nest soup(燕窩 ), red bean(紅豆 ), millet grass(栗草 ), two civilization(兩個(gè)文明 ), charge(充電 ), floating population(流動(dòng)人口 ), vegetable basket project(菜籃子工程 ), township enterprise(鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)企業(yè) ), knowledge economy(知識(shí)經(jīng)濟(jì) ) and so on. These loan words e from English. Such as the flea market (跳蚤市場(chǎng) ), green flag (綠色環(huán)保標(biāo)志 ), test tube baby (試管嬰兒 ), ecstasy (搖頭丸 ) and so on( 杜鵑， 1996). 4 After Chinaˊ s reform and open policy, the loan words which reflect Chinaˊ s economic, politics and Chinaˊ s present situation appear in English, and these words mostly are free translation. They conform to the Syntax and Semantics of English grammar habits, but for those who are native speakers of English, these words sound like foreign words, and it is difficult to understand for British and American people, and these words are with Chinese characteristics, so they are mostly bold or italics when they are used. Their own special way of loan words. Although the language is connected in terms of the loan words between English and Chinese, each language has its own characteristics. Accept transliteration and free translation, the way of loan words yet include Synthesis. Add description of the word China, Chinese, Sino before the name or concept of things, and then they have the words in English form pounds, such as the Chinese costume (唐裝 ), Chinese dragon (麒麟 ). This plex also includes the chromatic semiforeign words formed by word meaning, such as Hong Kong foot (香港腳 ), PekingMan (北京猿人 ), tung oil (桐油 ) and the taikonaut (中 國(guó)宇航員 ) and so on. The way of Chinese loanwords from English include Chromatic semifree translation，transliteration of Chinese ideographic morpheme added， meaning
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