考研資料北京大學(xué)細胞生物學(xué)第六章基質(zhì)與內(nèi)膜(上)-文庫吧資料
2025-01-13 15:24本頁面
【正文】 Microsome(100200nm) rER of pancreatic cells Microsomes are heterogeneous mixtures of similarsized vesicles, formed from membranes of the ER and Golgi plex. Microsomes retain activity during purification, allowing studies of function and position. A. Functions of the rER ? Proteins synthesized on ribosomes of rER include: ? secretory proteins, ? integral membrane proteins, ? soluble proteins of anelles. ? Modification and processing of newly synthesized proteins: glycosylation in the rER。 ?Insights gained from the study of geic mutants。 5. Types of vesicle transport and their functions. 1. The Compartmentalization in Eukaryotic Cells ?Membranes divide the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells into distinct partments. Three categories in eukaryotic cells: (1) the endomembrane system: ER, Golgi plex, Lys., secretory vesicles. (2) the cytosol. (3) mitochondria, chloroplasts, peroxisomes, and the nucleus. ?Membranebound structures (anelles) are found in all eukaryotic cells. ?Cytoplasmic matrix and its functions ?Cytoplasmic Matrix: The region of fluid content of the cytoplasm outside of the membranous anelles. Aqueous solution of large and small molecules including filaments of cytoskeleton which act as anizer for some order. ?The Cytosol is the site of protein synthesis and degradation or modification. It also performs most of the cell’s intermediary metabolism. A. Cytoplasmic matrix (Cytosol) and Endomembrane System Functions of cytoplasmic matrix: The protein synthesis, degradation and modification. Cells carefully monitor the amount of misfolded proteins. An accumulation of misfolded proteins in the cytosol triggers a heatshock response, which stimulates the transcription of genes encoding cytosolic chaperones that help to refold the proteins. B. Endomembrane System ?Endomembrane System : The structural and functional relationship anelles including ER,Golgi plex, lysosome, endosomes, secretory vesicles. ?Membranebound str
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