【正文】 主動語態(tài) 時態(tài) ． 不定式 動名詞 分詞 一般時 to do doing doing 進(jìn)行時 to be doing 完成時 to have done having done having done 被動語態(tài) 一般時 to be done being done done 進(jìn)行時 being done 完成時 to have been done having been done having been done 動名詞時態(tài) 、 語態(tài)的用法 ， （ 即是不明確過去 ， 現(xiàn)在或 將來的動作 ） 或是與謂語動詞同時發(fā)生的動作 We are interested in climbing mountains I prefer singing to dancing 2 如果強(qiáng)調(diào)動名詞的完成時 ， 要用完成形式 I regret having taken her advice. He was praised for having passed the exam . 3 當(dāng)一個動名詞邏輯上的主語是該動名詞的承受者 ， 這個動名詞要 用被動形式 He entered the room without being seen He remembered being taken to Beijing when he was a child 4 如果動名詞表示的動作 發(fā)生在謂語動詞之前 ， 要用完成形式 He is proud of having been sent to work in Tibet . Tom regretted not having been invited to the party. 不定式時態(tài) 、 語態(tài)的用法 1. 不定式的動作與謂語動詞同時發(fā)生時 ， 用一般時態(tài) He wanted to see you 2. 強(qiáng)調(diào)不定式的動作正在進(jìn)行時 ， 用進(jìn)行時態(tài) When I came in ,he pretended to be reading a book He is said to be writing a novel 3. 強(qiáng)調(diào) 不定式的動作在謂語動詞之前發(fā)生時 ， 用不定式完成時 He is said to have written a novel . I?m so glad to have seen you . The ground is so wet ,It must have rained last night 不定式被動語態(tài)的用法 . A, 當(dāng)不定式的邏輯主語是不定式的承受者時 ， 用被動語態(tài) She asked to be sent to work in Tibet (賓語 ) The book is said to have been translated into English ( 或叫合 It is an honor for me to be asked to speak here (主 語 ) B. 句子的主語是不定式的邏輯主語 ， 盡管不定式與被修飾詞是被 動關(guān)系 ， 也還要用主動語態(tài) 1, Give him some book to read \Do you have any clothes to wash ? “Do you have any clothes to be washed?” asked the maid 2, S +be+easy \difficult \hard \pleasant \interesting \exciting \ fortable +to do This question is easy to answer The boy is difficult to teach 3, The house is to let \The manager is to blame .\The reason is not far to seek . 4There be句型中 ， 主動形式或被動形式均可但有時含意不同 There is nothing to do now (we have nothing to do now )現(xiàn)在沒事干 There is nothing to be done now (we can do nothing now )現(xiàn)在沒什 么辦法 There is nothing to see (nothing is worth seeing )沒有東西值得看 There is nothing to be seen 看不見有什么東西 分詞時態(tài) 、 語態(tài)的用法 如果強(qiáng)調(diào)分詞表示的動作 發(fā)生在謂語動詞之前 ， 要用完成形式 。 為了強(qiáng)調(diào)目的 , 可與 in order to 或 so as to 連用 。 I have something important ______ you. A, telling B, to be told C, told D, to tell 8. Girls are not allowed ______ their fingernails red at school. A. painted B, painting C. to paint D, to be painted 9. You?d better get more people _____ the work immediately. A to do B, doing C do D, done 10. You?d better get the work ____ at once。damaged C,lived,damaged D,live。 It?s dangerous. A, to run B, runs C, running D, ran had his pocket ______ on a bus this morning. A, pick B, to pick C, picking D, picked in the south often have their houses _______ bamboo. A. made of B, making of C, to be made of D, make of 5. People ____on the coast often have their houses ____by hurricanes A,living。 五看一幫兩均可 ,被動該 to不能棄 . feel,hear,listen to,have,let,make,see,look at,notice,observe,watch,help We often see them play football。11,C 非謂語動詞作表語 動名詞作表語 1 對稱原則 ， 主語是動名詞 ， 表語一般也用動名詞 Seeing is believing 2 動名詞作表語表明主語的性質(zhì)或內(nèi)容 （ 有時可與主語互換 ） My job is teaching you English \ Teaching you English is my job. 不定式作表語 : (1)計劃 ， 趨勢將要做的 she is to get married next week. (2)責(zé)任 ， 義務(wù)必須做的 I?m to see you off at the airport tomorrow (3)祁使 ,命令不得不做的 You?re to stand here ,do you understand . (4)命運(yùn)安排 ,注定做的 Disney met the mouse and he was to bee a famous artist. 分詞作表語 表示主語的 特點特征 . 現(xiàn)在分詞表示 主動 ， 過去分詞表 示 被動； 不及物動詞的過去分詞表示 完成 The book is interesting and the students are moved . He is e. The quests are gone. The leaves are fallen. 非謂語動詞作定語 動名詞 作定語 表示被修飾詞用途 drinking water ==the water that is (used )for drinking drinking water , living room ,sitting room ,washing powder 分詞 作定語 ， 表被修飾詞的特點 、 特征 .單個分詞作定語前置 ， 分詞 短語作定語 ， 放在所修飾詞之后 。9,B。7,C。 5,A。 1 fet ,remember , regret +doing 動作已經(jīng)發(fā)生 +to do 動作未發(fā)生 2 want ,need ,require + doing 表被動 = to be done 注： be worth doing = be worthy to be done 3 try doing 試著做 try to do 盡力做 ， 想要做 4 stop doing 停止做某事 ， (先后是一件事 ). stop to do 停下來做某事 ,(先后不是同一件事 ) 5 go on doing 繼續(xù)敵某事 ， (先后 是同一件事 ) go on to do 接下來做某事 ， (先后不是同一件事 ) 6 mean doing 意味著做某事 mean to do 故意或想要做某事 7 can’t help doing sth 抑制不住 、 禁不住做某事 can’t help (to) do sth 無幫助 、 無助于做某事 8 ,only to do … 結(jié)果是 … （ 出乎預(yù)料 ） ,only doing… 結(jié)果是 … (必然是 … ) 11種不同動詞或句型的用法 9 prefer to do… rather than do … 寧愿 … 而不 … prefer doing … to doing … would rather do … than do … would do … rather than do … 10 have nothing to do /do nothing but/except do … 只好做 （ 別無選擇 ） enjoy doing nothing but doing … 只喜歡做 … want nothing but to do … 只想做 … 11在 begin ,start ,continue 等詞后可接不定式作賓語 ， 也可接動名詞作賓語 ， 意義區(qū)別不大 .但要注意 1） 本身是 ing 形式時 ， 其后要接不定式 2） 如果表示主語有意識地開始做某事 ， 多用動名詞 3） 主語是物多用不定式 4） 其后的動詞是表示情感的或與智力有關(guān)的 ， 不用 ving 形式 know, realize, hate , love , understand , wonder , remember , fet Task: plete the following sentences 1. Do you remember ___________________（ 以前見過這個人嗎 ） ? 2. He denied _______________________（ 冤枉了他的父母 ） 3. She regreted ______________________(在會上給領(lǐng)導(dǎo)提了意見 ） . 4. Don?t waste time ___________________(勸他戒煙 ） 5. I would rather stay at home _______________(也不出去玩 ） 6. Do you think it