動詞不定式和動名詞的句法功能比較7-文庫吧資料
2025-06-22 04:23本頁面
【正文】 . I’ve never known her(to)be late ：He was known to have been to France before. 如： every day. ②They make the students do too much homework every day. 但當不定式是完成式時，to不能省略，如：We consider him tohave been foolish. ①We all believe John(to be)honest. (2)部分動詞后常接to be＋形容詞、名詞短語等形式，有時to be可省略，如：believe,consider,discov er,find(=consider),feel(=think),imagine,judge,know,prove,think,suppose,see(=understand),understa nd等。 ①Would you like me to give your regards to Mary? (1)常要求不定式作賓補的動詞有：allow,ask,advise,beg,cause,drive（強迫），encourage,expect,fo rbid,force,get,would like(love,hate),order,permit,persuade,teach,tell,want,warn,wish等。 一些及物動詞除要求按賓語外，有時還需要有賓語補足語，說明賓語的行為、狀態(tài)、特征，這時意思才相 對完整。 五、不定式作補足語 ①②句動名詞作定語說明一種性能，即：用來……的；第③句為現(xiàn)在分詞作定語，單個分詞作定語常置于 被修飾詞之前，與被修飾詞之間，可構(gòu)成邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，分詞短語作定語常置于被修飾詞之后。 ②The reading room of our school library can hold 800people. ⒉動名詞作定語 (4)不定式作定語時，一般可轉(zhuǎn)換為定語從句，例①to arrive=that will arrive。 (3)與被修飾詞之間有動賓關(guān)系，同時與句中其它詞之間又有邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系時，盡管有被動含義，卻仍 用主動語態(tài)（例③）；如只有動賓關(guān)系，而無邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，則需用被動語態(tài)（例②）。 (2)與被修飾詞之間有動賓關(guān)系，如是不及物動詞，則需加介詞（例④）。 (1)表示將來的動作（例①）。 ⑤My wish to visit France has e true at last. ③Do you have anything to say on the question? ①The next train to arrive is from Washington. 不定式在句中作定語，置于被修飾的名詞或代詞之后。 四、作定語 ④⑤句動名詞作表語，與主語部分可以轉(zhuǎn)換，如Serving thepeople is out work,而⑥句中是現(xiàn)在分詞作 表語，說明主語的性質(zhì)、狀態(tài)，現(xiàn)在分詞具有形容詞的各種特征，另外，動名詞作表語還應與進行時態(tài)區(qū)別開 來。 ⑤What he likes is taking a walk after supper. 當主語和表語都是不定式時，其含義一是條件，一是結(jié)果（例①）。 ②My chief purpose is to point out the difficulties ofthe matter. 三、做表語 It’s time to leave off talking and to start acting. ⑦leave off to do 離開某地去干什么（目的狀語） doing 繼續(xù)不停地做某事，指同一動作的繼續(xù) Sorry I have lots of work to I can’t help to make up the room for you. to do不能幫助干…… You‘d better stop arguing and do as you are told. doing 停止做某事 Try working out the physics problem in another way. doing 試著做某事 This means wasting a lot of money. doing 意味著…… They regretted ordering these books from abroad. I remember writing him a letter a year ago. Have you forgotten meeting her in Beijing Airport? 如： Our teachers don‘t permit us to swim in the lake. 如： was happening. ②當謂語動詞begin,continue,start等是進行式時，如：Thestudents are starting to work on the di fficult maths problem. 在下列情況下，一般要用不定式： 在need,require,want后接ing形式，表示被動意義，也可接不定式，但要用被動形式，如：Your handwr iting needs improving(tobe improved). hate,love,like接不定式表示特定的未來事件，接動名詞表示目前 正在進行的活動或一般的行為。如：begin,continue,start,hat e,like,love,need,require,want等。 What about inviti
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