【正文】 the amount of absorbed foreign funds will reach 100 billion . dollars. Of course, after Chinese enterprises have obtained equal, free and standardized opportunities for trade, they will be inevitably faced with some challenges. Many fields will e under much pressure, and some will be even placed in a very cruel and petitive situation. The first to be affected will be China’ s agriculture. In the light of the agreement signed on Agriculture, the tariff on agriculture will have to go down from the current 45% to 17% by 2020, and the tariffs on some major agricultural products will have to decrease to %. That is to say, the presentday prices of some major agricultural products in China are 30% higher than that at the international market. With all these price cuts, American maize, oranges and meat products will be pouring into China’ s market. It will make it very difficult to buy and sell China’ s own agricultural produce in China’ s own domestic market, and Chinese peasants will find it even harder to increase their ine. The second to be affected will be China’ s telemunications industry. In accordance with the agreement, foreign capital will make up 49% of the shares of the telemunication service industry in China, and two years after, the proportion will have reached 50%. And it can be seen that foreign capital will inevitably get involved in China’ s telemunications. The third to be affected will be China’ s automobile industry. It was estimated that the average price of cars sold in China are now 200% to 400% higher than that at the international market. Even when China joins WTO in the near future, the price of cars will not decrease at once. China’ s tariff on cars will drop by 10% each year, and by 2020, the tariff on cars will be 25%. Five years after, cars made by foreign countries will enter China’ s market in large quantities. And the last one to be affected will be China’ s filmmaking industry. Several years from now, China will have to allow foreign capitals to buy over 50% of the shares of China’ s cinema industry, and will have to import not less than 20 American classical films each year. That will definitely produce negative impacts on China’ s filmmaking industry. Some other fields in China will also be affected in the future, such as finance, insurance, hitech, and inter. TRANSLATION TECHNIQUES 語態(tài)的轉(zhuǎn)換 漢語中有一些句子可以或者必須用英語被動式來表達(dá)，這是研究語態(tài)變換的主要問題。 5. “其他也將會受 到影響的中國行業(yè)有金融、保險、高科技、互聯(lián)網(wǎng)。” “大勢所趨” 的意思是不可避免，可以譯為 “ It’ s been inevitable that...”句型來翻譯，既準(zhǔn)確又簡明。 “據(jù)??”常?？勺g為 It is...， “據(jù)說”可以譯為 It is said that...， “據(jù)報道”可以譯為 It is reported that...?！白孕械亍奔础白詣拥亍弊g為 automatically。“放棄”可翻譯為 give up， abandon 等 詞匯，但 abandon這個詞比較正式，所以這里選擇 abandon。 5 WORDS AND EXPRESSIONS 1. 壁壘政策 the walledin policy 2. 市場經(jīng)濟(jì) the market economy 3. 世界貿(mào)易組織 World Trade Organization (WTO) 4. 前身 predecessor 5. 成員國 member nation 6. 原則上講 in principle 7. 國民生產(chǎn)總值 the Gross National Product (GNP) 8. 產(chǎn)值 output 9. 就業(yè)機(jī)會 work opportunity 10. 被置于殘酷的競爭環(huán)境中 be put in fierce petition 11. 關(guān)稅 tariff 12. 美國大片 American classical films 13. 產(chǎn)生不小的沖擊 bring about a tremendous impact DIFFICULT POINT EXPLANATION 1. “放棄了其貿(mào)易壁壘政策，實行了市場經(jīng)濟(jì)。在今后幾年里，中國將允許外資在中國電影業(yè)占有 50%以上的股份，每年進(jìn)口不少于 20 部美國大片，這將對中國的電影業(yè)產(chǎn)生不小的沖擊。外國汽車 5年后將會大舉進(jìn)入中國市場。即便中國能在近期“入世”，國內(nèi)汽車價格也不會馬上降下來。4 接下來是 中國的汽車工業(yè)。根據(jù)所簽協(xié)議，外資將在中國的電信服務(wù)行業(yè)中占 49%的股份，兩年后這一比例將達(dá)到 50%。農(nóng)民的增收將會變得更加困難。這也就是說，中國現(xiàn)在的主要農(nóng)產(chǎn)品的價格要比國際市場的價格高出 30%。根據(jù)已經(jīng)簽署的農(nóng)業(yè)協(xié)議，中國的農(nóng)業(yè)關(guān)稅將從現(xiàn)在的 45%降到2020 年的 17%。許多行業(yè)會受到?jīng)_擊，某些行業(yè)還會被置于殘酷 的競爭環(huán)境之中。隨著投資環(huán)境的改善，外商可以享受國民待遇，引進(jìn)的外資額將會有大幅度的增加，據(jù)預(yù)測 3，可多達(dá) 1 000 億美元。據(jù)有關(guān)專家測算，中國“入世”以后，其國民生產(chǎn)總值會自行增加 %2。據(jù)報道，中國有望在 2020 年 11 月 10 日正式加入世界貿(mào)易組織。世界貿(mào)易組織現(xiàn)在已有 135 名成員國，還有 30 多個國家和地區(qū)正準(zhǔn)備加入。八年后，即 1986 年，中國便申請重新加入世界貿(mào)易組織的前身 GATT (the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade), 即關(guān)稅及貿(mào)易總協(xié)定。誰把國家的利益當(dāng)回事呢？ In recent years many officials are readily on the would give much heed to the interests of the country? 第九單元 語態(tài)的轉(zhuǎn)換 TEXT 中國面臨新挑戰(zhàn) 1999年 11 月 15日，中美簽訂了關(guān)于中國在 1999年底前加入世貿(mào)組織的協(xié)議。 If you were not too quick on the trigger, you wouldn’ t have lost the deal. 9. 占人便宜 load the dice against 你最好別和她打交道，她總是愛占別人的便宜。 His little daughter is as good as gold. She’ s never been as rebellious as other children. 7. 神經(jīng)過敏 thinskinned 我看這些人都有點神經(jīng)過敏。 He’ s the equal of his words, never going back on them. 5. 不依不饒 take off the gloves to sb. 你不必對她如此地不依不饒。 She’ s very jealous. She would take offense at the sight of her husband’ s talking with other women. 3. 腳踩兩只船 serve two masters 我 可不想腳踩兩只船，也不樂意兩面討好。她就怕別人提起第三者插足的話題。 Better to wear out than to rust out. 20. 木已成舟，只好如此。 False friends are worse than bitter enemies. 18. 莫惹事生非。 Every man has the defects of his own virtues. 16. 美名勝過美貌。 Pride hurts, modesty benefits. 14. 君子動口不動手。 Man proposes, God disposes. 12. 麻雀雖小，五臟俱全。 Time tries all. 10. 蘿卜青菜，各有所愛。 adversity of strong man. 8. 良好的開端是成功的一半。 Something is better than nothing. 7. 烈火試真金，困苦煉壯士。 There’ ll never be a shortage of firewood as green hills remain. 5. 江山易改，本性難移。 No garden without its weeds. 3. 樂極生悲。 Running water does not get stale。人們既不是在繼承也不是在特權(quán)的基礎(chǔ)上進(jìn)行統(tǒng)治，而是以證明有良好的能力為基礎(chǔ)，而且，即使能力已經(jīng)得到證明，也會希望得到管理者的贊同。專業(yè)技術(shù)知識和任務(wù)的完成常常優(yōu)先于哲學(xué)方面的考慮。他們崇尚迅速的文化，而不是緩慢的演變。前者很可能重視社會和階級區(qū)分，他們通常關(guān)心哲學(xué)問題，并試圖在事業(yè)、道德和閑暇活動中取得一種平衡。 10. 此處禁止停車。 8. 沒有順利，無所謂困難；沒有困難，也無所謂順利。 6. 本劇場禁止吸煙。 4. 工廠里著火了，有四個車間燒得精光。 2. 大黑門兩邊站著一對威嚴(yán)的石獅。 10. 必須把可持續(xù)發(fā)展放在十分突出的地位，堅持計劃生育、保護(hù)環(huán)境和保護(hù)資源的基本國策。 8. 加快 發(fā)展現(xiàn)代服務(wù)業(yè)，提高第三產(chǎn)業(yè)在國民經(jīng)濟(jì)中的比重。 6. 優(yōu)先發(fā)展信息產(chǎn)業(yè)，在經(jīng)濟(jì)和社會領(lǐng)域廣泛應(yīng)用信息技術(shù)。 4. 抓緊解決部分地區(qū)水資源短缺問題，新建南水北調(diào)工程。 2. 走 新型工業(yè)化道路，大力實施科教興國戰(zhàn)略和可持續(xù)發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略。弄得不好，就會前功盡棄。知彼知己，百戰(zhàn)不殆。中國共產(chǎn)黨萬 歲！ Long live the Chinese Communist Party! 4. 適當(dāng)?shù)拿~或代詞補(bǔ)出主語 漢語無主句的英譯，除上述幾中方法外，還可以根據(jù)上下文選用適當(dāng)?shù)拿~或代詞 (包括人稱代詞和否定代詞 )補(bǔ)出主語，構(gòu)成一個完整的句子。請勿吸煙。 In the distance sounded a solemn, stirring reed flute. 3. 祈使句式 漢語中表示請求，命令，號召，及標(biāo)語，口號等的無主句，可仿照英語中的同類句式來翻譯。 On display by the side of those products were models of steel works