【正文】 說說“思援弓繳而射之”的意思。（結(jié)合學生提問重點理解“雖與之俱學，弗若之矣”、“思援弓繳而射之”、“為是其智弗若與”、“雖與之俱學，弗若之矣”這幾句話。 5．指名說全文大意。 二、結(jié)合注釋，疏通文意 1．“弈”是什么意思？“學弈”呢？你怎么知道的呢？ 2．學生自讀課文，結(jié)合文后的注釋理解每一話，然后說說這篇文章主要講什么內(nèi)容？ 3．同桌互講，相互糾正補充，不懂的記下來。） 2．學生自由練讀，把不認識的字注上音，并在練習本上寫兩遍。（范 讀時做到抑揚頓挫、有聲有色、流暢自如，感染學生，激發(fā)誦讀興趣。 1．師：學習文言文最基本的方法是誦讀，最好的方法也是誦讀。 情感態(tài)度與價值觀 ： 能從課文中體會到學習必須專心致志、不可三心二意的道理，學習孔子實事求是的科學態(tài)度，體會學無止境的道理。 2．指導小學生學習 文言文，不宜采取逐詞逐句講解對譯的方法，更不必講古漢語知識。根據(jù)課后注釋聯(lián)系上下文，了解故事內(nèi)容。t care about bei ng fam ous. H e feels i t gi ves him l ess freedom to do hi s research. H e woul d rather keep ti m e for his hobbi es. H e enjoys l i steni ng to vol i n m usic, pl ayi ng m ahjong, swimm i ng and readi ng. Spendi ng m oney on hi msel f or l eadi ng a fortabl e l ife al so means very li ttl e to hi m. Indeed, he beli eves that a person with to m uch m oney has m ore rather than fewer troubl s. H e therefore gi ves m il li ons of Yuan to equi p others for thei r research i n agri cul ture. Just dreami ng for things, however, costs nothi ng. Long ago Dr Yuan had a dream about rice pl ants as tal l as shum. Each ear of ri ce was as bi g as an ear of corn and each grai n of ri ce was as huge as a peanut. Dr Yuan awoke from his dream wi th the hope of produci ng a ki nd of ri ce that coul d feed m ore peopl e. N ow, m any years l ater, Dr Yuan has another dream : to export his ri ce so that i t can be grown around the gl boe. O ne dream i s not al ways enough, especi al l y for a person who l oves and cares for hi s peopl e. Chem i cal or ani c farmi ng? O ver the past hal f century, using chemi cal fertil i zers has ve e very m on i n farmi ng. Many farm ers wel ed them as great way to stop crop di sease and i ncrease producti on. Recentl y, however, sci enti sts have ben fi ndi ng that l ongterm use of these fertil izers can cause dam age to the l and and, even m ore dangerous, to people?s heal th. What are som e of the probl ems caused by chem ical fertil i zers? Fi rst, they damage the l and by ki l i ng the hel pful bacteria and pests as wel l as the harmful ones. Chemi cal s al so stay i n the ground and underground water for a l onog tim e. Thi s affects crops and, therefore, anim al s and hum ans, si nce chemi cal s get i nsi de the crops and cannot just be washed off. These chem i cal s i n the food suppl y buil d up i n peopl e?s bodi es over tim e. Many of these chemi cal s can l ead to cancer or other il lnesses. In addi ti on, frui t, vegetabl es and other food grown wi th chemi cal ferti li zers usual ly grow too fast to be ful of m uch nutri ti on. They may l ook beauti ful , but i nsi de there i s usual y m ore water than vi tam i ns and m i neral s. With these di scoveri es, som e farmers and m any custom ers are begi nni ng to turn to ani c farm i ng. O rgani c farmi ng i s sim pl y farm i ng without using any chemi cal s. They focus on keeping thei r soi l rich and free of di sease. A heal thy soi l reduces di sease and 11 文言文兩則 一、學習目標 知識與技能 ： 1．讀準每個字的讀音。s why it?s cal l ed ?The Land of the Mi dnight Sun?. ” There were peopl e on the streets and snowm obil es everywhere. There were even a few dog team s. 必修四 Unit 1 A STUDEN T O F AFRICAN WILDLIFE It i s 5: 45 am and the sun i s just ri si ng over Gom be N ati onal park in east Africa. Following Jane?s way of studying chimps,our group are all going to visit them in the forest. Jane has studi ed these fam il i es of chi m ps for m any years and helped peopl e understand how m uch they behave li ke hum ans. Watchi ng a fam il yof chim ps waking up i s our fi rst acti vi ty of the day. Thi s m eans goi ng back to the pl ace where we l eft the fam il y sl eepi ng i n a tree the ni ght before. Everybody sits and wai ts i n the shade of the trees whi l e the fam il y begi ns to wake up and m ove off. Then we fol l ow as they wonder i nto the of the tim e, chim ps ei ther feed or cl ean each other as a way of showi ng l ove in thei r fam il y. Jane worns us that our grou i s goi ng tobe very ti red and di rty by the afternoon and she is ri owever, the eveni ng m akes i t al worthwhi le. We watch the mother chim pand her babi es pl ay i n the tree. Then we see them go to sl eep together i n thei r nest for the ni ght. We reali ze that the bond between m em bers of a chim p fami ly i s as strong as i n a hum an fami l y. N obody before Jane ful y understood chim p behavi our. She spent years observi ng and recording thei r dail y acti viti es. Since her chi l dhood she had wanted to work wi th anim al s i n thei r own envi ronm owever, thi s was not easy. When she fi rst arri ved i n Gombe i n 1960,i t was unusual for a wom an to li ve i n a nly after her m other cam e to hel pher for the fi rst few m onths was she al l owed to begi n her project. H er work changed the way peopl e thi nk of chim ps. For exam pl e, one im portant thing she di scovered was that chi m ps hunt and eat m eat. Until then every thought chi mps onl y eat frui t and nuts. She al so di scovered how chi mps m uni cate wi th each other, and her study of thei r body l anguage hel ped her work out their soci al system . For forty years Jane Goodal l has beenoutspoken about m aking the rest of the worl d understand and respect the li fe of these anim al s. She has argued that anim als shoul d be l eft in the wil d and not used for entertai nm ent or adverti sem ents. She has helped to set up speci al pl aces where the can li ve safel y. She is l eadi ng a busy l i fe but she says: “Once I stop,i t al es crowdi ng i n and I remem ber the chi mps i n l aboratori es. It’s terri bl e. It affacts m e when I watch the wil d chim ps. I say to m ysel f, ’Aren’t they lucky?’And then I thi nk about sm al chim ps i n cages though they have done nothi ng you have seen that you can never fet…“ She has achieved everything she wanted to do:working with animals in their own environment,gaining a doctor?s degree and showi ng that wom en c