【正文】 念表明沒有單一的定義或方法是通用的，大多數(shù)是根據(jù)經(jīng)濟(jì)分析和它的戰(zhàn)略實(shí)踐和政策來決定的。鉆石模型的原則結(jié)合 集群 理論可以為當(dāng)?shù)亟?jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展 及旅游業(yè)在 其中 的地位提供一種更為合理和均衡的方法。（ 4）政府政策為社區(qū)提供信息和基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施支持，便于輸入受過教育的勞動力，維護(hù)一個(gè)合理的法規(guī)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)框架，確保宏觀經(jīng)濟(jì)和政治環(huán)境的穩(wěn)定。目的地群體有同質(zhì)旅游的特點(diǎn)嗎？在當(dāng)?shù)芈糜蜗到y(tǒng)中，當(dāng)?shù)氐淖酉到y(tǒng)在不同的接待區(qū)域夠?qū)I(yè)嗎，就像會展區(qū)域，能共存嗎？這些子系統(tǒng)是否每個(gè)都相互協(xié)調(diào)？承辦一個(gè)會展活動或構(gòu)建旅游網(wǎng)絡(luò)，當(dāng)?shù)氐闹饕厣鞘裁矗磕莻€(gè)目的地要素 是否 促進(jìn)當(dāng)?shù)芈糜蜗到y(tǒng)未來的發(fā)展和支持新興的 集群 ？為了會展網(wǎng)絡(luò)的發(fā)展，在目的地要具備什么或應(yīng)該具 備什么？ 回答這些問題，我們可以使用波特在 1988年提出的理論模型。 有關(guān)旅游 的國家立法改革把當(dāng)?shù)芈糜蜗到y(tǒng)定義為同類或整合目的地，也涉及到屬于不同區(qū)域的空間，具有文化、環(huán)境商品和旅游娛樂業(yè)集成供給的特點(diǎn)，包括傳統(tǒng)農(nóng)業(yè)產(chǎn) 品和當(dāng)?shù)厥止に嚻罚蛘呤菃蝹€(gè)或合作旅游企業(yè)提供的大量的現(xiàn)有產(chǎn)品 (Law ,2021)。 對角集群理論框架也可以作為會展目的地發(fā)展的解說模型。 事實(shí)上，一個(gè) 企業(yè) 生產(chǎn)互補(bǔ)的產(chǎn)品或服務(wù)并不是競爭者，因?yàn)樗麄兊幕顒酉鄬τ趩为?dú)的產(chǎn)品而言賦予了產(chǎn)品更多的價(jià)值。例如，一個(gè)旅游目的地需要 企業(yè)來提供各類活動，交通，酒店，住宿等等。從這個(gè)意義上講，對角集群使 企業(yè) 相互合作提供獨(dú)立的產(chǎn)品和服務(wù)，有效地創(chuàng)建一個(gè)組合，作為一個(gè)整體來消費(fèi)。作者建議把 集群 概念擴(kuò)展為微觀 集群概念。Novelli,Smithz,Spencer,2021)。Saxena,2021。Hall,2021,2021a,2021b。Jackson,Murphy,2021,2021。Van Den Berg,Braum, Van Widen,2021。在這一領(lǐng)域的研究主要關(guān)注產(chǎn)業(yè)模型的推廣，作為一種分析框架，主要用來評估旅游目的地的成功和旅游企業(yè)集群在創(chuàng)新中發(fā)揮的作用以及對社區(qū)發(fā)展所做的貢獻(xiàn) (Go,Williams,1993。這些點(diǎn)的區(qū)別與工業(yè)區(qū)的分析框架與集群理論相比更不適用于旅游目的地 的研究 。工業(yè)區(qū)理論通常是涉及同質(zhì)產(chǎn)品的，但在處理旅游目的地問題時(shí)卻不是這樣的。工業(yè)區(qū)通常是單一產(chǎn)品工業(yè)的本地集群。盡管波特的研究集中在制造業(yè)，但是這個(gè)理論已經(jīng)擴(kuò)展并應(yīng)用到服務(wù)行業(yè)，就像旅游業(yè)。正是由于這個(gè)原因， 集群 理論可能是用來探討旅游業(yè)相對更好的分析模型。 但運(yùn)用 工業(yè)區(qū)理論來探討旅游網(wǎng)絡(luò)， 對于其是否適用還是存在一些疑問的 。 Pearce,2021。 雖然工業(yè)區(qū)理論用來分析當(dāng)?shù)卮怪币惑w化 企業(yè) 在制造業(yè)市場運(yùn)營的網(wǎng)絡(luò)發(fā)展條件，但有些學(xué)者曾嘗試把工業(yè)區(qū)理論應(yīng)用于旅游業(yè) (Gets,1993。在過去十年里，已多次嘗試使用工業(yè)區(qū)和 集群理論來 探討旅游網(wǎng)絡(luò)及其在地方發(fā)展中的作用。旅游業(yè)主要由中小型企業(yè)組成，因此網(wǎng)絡(luò)有助于克服生產(chǎn)，管理和交易上的困難。通過溢出效應(yīng)，知識轉(zhuǎn)移及全球競爭力的提升，出現(xiàn)了新的經(jīng)濟(jì)領(lǐng)域。 關(guān)鍵字： 會展產(chǎn)業(yè)， 集群 理論，本土發(fā)展， 集群 分析，分?jǐn)?shù)位回歸 在過去幾十年里，人們對地理網(wǎng)絡(luò)及其在經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展中所起的作用越來越感興趣，這是因?yàn)榻?jīng)濟(jì)趨向于通過領(lǐng)土 聚集 和 企業(yè) 網(wǎng)絡(luò)的興起發(fā)展起來的 (Enright, 2021).一個(gè)新興的產(chǎn)業(yè)集中在一些自然資源、市場需求或當(dāng)?shù)丶寄苌?。本文概述了意大利會展目的?生命周期不同階段的發(fā)展情況以及對影響他們的區(qū)位因素進(jìn)行了調(diào)查。 貝尼尼 國籍：意大利 出處： 《 旅游管理 》， 2021 年第 30 卷第 6 期 摘要： 關(guān)于會展業(yè)的研究在文獻(xiàn) 研究 方面 做 得還不夠好。 (3) tourismrelated and supporting industries, including acmodation, food and beverage outlets, tourist attractions, the transport sector and various government agencies。 Spencer, 2021). Otherwise, as stressed by Michael (2021), the cluster theory is valid in macroregional analysis but presents some drawbacks when applied to small regional environments. The author suggests expanding the concept of cluster to microcluster, the socalled diagonal cluster (diagonal integration in Poon, 1994),??labelled in this way to refer to the concentration of plementary (or symbiotic) firms, which each add value to the activities of other firms, even though their products may be quite distinct. In this sense, diagonal clustering brings together firms that supply separate products and services, effectively creating a bundle that will be consumed as though it was one item. For tourism and other service industries, this is often routinefor example, a tourism destination requires firms to supply the activity, provide transport, hospitality, acmodation, etc. The colocation of many plementary providers adds value to the tourism experience, and the converse may also be true, in that the absence of key services restricts the development of other firms?? (Michael, 2021). In essence, a firm producing a plementary product or service is not a petitor, because its activities add more value to the product than the product alone. Thus, cooperation creates alliances and works, makes better use of skills and resources and encourages innovative business activities which improve local development. The diagonal cluster theoretical framework can also be useful as an interpretive model for the local development of convention destinations. It is a particularly interesting model to apply in the case of Italy because it supports the main guidelines defined by national tourism legislation. The national legislation reform on tourism defines the Tourism Local System (TLS) as ??homogeneous or integrated destinations, also concerning areas which belong to different regions, characterised by an integrated supply of cultural and environmental goods and tourism entertainments, including typical agricultural products and local arts and crafts, or by a wide presence of single or cooperating tourism enterprises?? (Law nr. 135,2021). As the TLS definition reflects cluster theoretical paradigm in the cooperation, integration and homogeneity principles of the Italian tourism industry, this might be useful in exploring some interesting questions. Do groups of destinations exist with homogeneous tourism characteristics? In TLSs, do local subsystems specialised in different hosting segments, such as the convention segment (CLS), coexist? Are these subsystems integrated with each other? What are the main local features supporting a convention and tourism work? Which destination factors encourage future CLS growth and support emerging clusters? What exists or should exist in a destination in order for convention works to develop? In answer to these questions, we can use the theoretical model proposed by Porter (1998).In his diamond model of petition, the Author essentially focuses on four ponents of petitive advantage: (1) demand conditions in terms of the quality, level and nature of tourist interest。 Jackson, 2021。 Harrison, 2021。 Hall, 2021, 2021a, 2021b。 Murphy, 2021, 2021。 Lynch, 2021。 Van Widen, 2021。 Michael, 2021。 Murphy, 2021). The theory of industrial districts generally refers to an homogeneous product but this