【正文】 cal Development, Clustern Analysis, Quantile Regression. Interest in geographical works and their role in economic development has grown over the last few years because economies tend to develop through the emergence of territorial agglomeration and pany works (Enright, 2021). An emerging industry centres on some natural resource, market need or local skill. As the industry develops, new firms, inputs and service enterprises are created. New economic sectors emerge through spillovers and transferred knowledge and global petitiveness increases. Territorial development and petitiveness are also very important for the tourism industry. Tourism is mainly constituted by SMEs, so functioning within a work may contribute to overing production, managerial and mercial difficulties. In order to increase petition and strategic positioning in the worldwide market, tourism destinations should encourage the emergence of tourism works and the analysis of their structure. Over the past decade, several attempts have been made using the industrial district and cluster theories to investigate tourism works and their role in local development. Industrial districts (Marshall,1966) are agglomerations of SMEs specialising in different parts of a given production activity. Although industrial district theory analyses conditions for the development of a local verticallyintegrated work of firms operating in manufacturing markets, some authors have tried to adapt industrial district theory to the tourism industry (Gets, 1993。 Van Widen, 2021。 Harrison, 2021。 貝尼尼 國籍：意大利 出處： 《 旅游管理 》， 2021 年第 30 卷第 6 期 摘要： 關(guān)于會(huì)展業(yè)的研究在文獻(xiàn) 研究 方面 做 得還不夠好。旅游業(yè)主要由中小型企業(yè)組成，因此網(wǎng)絡(luò)有助于克服生產(chǎn)，管理和交易上的困難。 但運(yùn)用 工業(yè)區(qū)理論來探討旅游網(wǎng)絡(luò)， 對(duì)于其是否適用還是存在一些疑問的 。工業(yè)區(qū)理論通常是涉及同質(zhì)產(chǎn)品的，但在處理旅游目的地問題時(shí)卻不是這樣的。Jackson,Murphy,2021,2021。作者建議把 集群 概念擴(kuò)展為微觀 集群概念。 對(duì)角集群理論框架也可以作為會(huì)展目的地發(fā)展的解說模型。鉆石模型的原則結(jié)合 集群 理論可以為當(dāng)?shù)亟?jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展 及旅游業(yè)在 其中 的地位提供一種更為合理和均衡的方法。其次，分位數(shù)回歸模型用來評(píng)估地方特色對(duì)當(dāng)?shù)貢?huì)展區(qū)域會(huì)展產(chǎn)業(yè)生命周期的影響。 Crouch and Ritchie, 1998。 Lew and Chang, 1999。 Bradley et al., 2021). The capital city function also offers opportunities for the development of business tourism as a whole, including for meetings and conferences(Hall, 2021). The factors affecting the petitiveness of individual localities in the USA or Western Europe offer parallels with the Asian experience. The general consensus is that meetings anizers take account of four key attributes when selecting meetings venues (Bradley et al., 2021). In order of importance these relate to the quality of meetings facilities, cost, accessibility and image of potential locations (Law, 1993). The relative importance of these four factors will vary, however, according to the nature of particular conferences or exhibitions. Considerable debate surrounds the role of 39。因此 ， 這種會(huì)議或者展覽會(huì)顯然與其他形式的 商務(wù)旅游有所不同，其主要目的是個(gè)人或這小團(tuán)體的聚集(Hiller,1995)。Getz等 ,1998。 例如 最近較為關(guān)注的新加坡和香港在為成為東南亞 （甚至是太平洋沿岸地區(qū)）國際會(huì)議中心展開的競爭 。圖 1 顯示的是商務(wù)旅游對(duì)地方經(jīng)濟(jì)的影響。 積極影響 消極影響 圖 1 商務(wù)旅游對(duì)當(dāng)?shù)氐慕?jīng)濟(jì)影響 （ 摘選自 ： Swarbrooke and Horner(2021:76)) 從歷史上看，西歐國家的度假勝地最早認(rèn)識(shí)到展覽會(huì)旅游所帶來的潛在利益，并在內(nèi)戰(zhàn)期間 (19191939 年 )開始發(fā)展一種專門的會(huì)議設(shè)施。 如果存在過多的商務(wù)旅游目的地，因擁擠而可能產(chǎn)生的成本。其中，爭論相當(dāng)大的是“形象”， Zelinsky(1994)認(rèn)為，以美國的經(jīng)歷來說，“形象”是主要的拉動(dòng)力。 這些因素按重要性排序依次是會(huì)議設(shè)施的質(zhì)量、成本、可進(jìn)入性和潛在地區(qū)的形象 (Law,1993)。在英國，歐 洲大陸，美國和澳大利亞，大 商務(wù)旅游 需要公共的資金或補(bǔ)貼來發(fā)展或管理像會(huì)議或會(huì)展中心的設(shè)施。Bradley 等 ,2021)。在 20世紀(jì) 90年代 ,國家政府鼓勵(lì)設(shè)備和其他方面營銷策略的發(fā)展 ， 來提高把澳大利亞作為會(huì)議會(huì)展目的地首選城市的國際意識(shí) ； 促進(jìn)這個(gè)行業(yè)市場的調(diào)整和合作 ； 鼓勵(lì)全國機(jī)構(gòu)吸引海外代表會(huì)議和展覽會(huì)在澳大利亞召開 ,尤其是亞太地區(qū)的 ； 另外 ， 要提高在澳大利亞召開的具有地方性、國家性、國際性代表會(huì)議的數(shù)量 (Dwyer,Mistilis,1997)。Weber,Ladkin,2021。1996a,1996b,Oppermann,Chon,1997。Hiller(1995:375)認(rèn)為會(huì)議和展覽是一種特殊的旅游方式 ， 在理論上他們推動(dòng)了會(huì)議 會(huì)展的召開，而不是目的地本身的特性。 Bradley et al., 2021). Taken together, given the several potential economic and noneconomic impacts of business tourism, it is not surprising that many different kinds of localities have been encouraged to see a slice of this lucrative market by attracting conferences and exhibitions. Fig. 1 The Economic Impacts of Business Tourism at Local Level (Adapted after Swarbrooke, Horner,2021:76) Historically, in Western Europe, resort towns recognized earliest the potential benefits of conference and exhibition tourism and started to develop specialist conference facilities during the interwar period (191939). Indeed, a longestablished feature of seaside resorts in the United Kingdom, such as Blackpool, Brighton or Scarborough, is the hosting of the annual conferences of political parties, trade unions and associations in order to attract visitors and extend the length of the tourism season (Douglas, 1979). The market for meeting tourism became more petitive from the early 1980s with the entry of several provincial centers, such as Birmingham, Cardiff, Glasgow, Manchester, Nottingham and Newcastle. In the majority of these centers, multipurpose facilities were developed (Law, 1987。 Weber and Ladkin, 2021。Oppermann,1996a,1996b。首先，我們建議使用 集群 分析的統(tǒng) 計(jì)方法來識(shí)別城市之間相似的旅游和會(huì)展供給情況以及本土資源。（ 4）政府政策為社區(qū)提供信息和基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施支持，便于輸入受過教育的勞動(dòng)力，維護(hù)一個(gè)合理的法規(guī)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)框架，確保宏觀經(jīng)濟(jì)和政治環(huán)境的穩(wěn)定。 事實(shí)上，一個(gè) 企業(yè) 生產(chǎn)互補(bǔ)的產(chǎn)品或服務(wù)并不是競爭者，因?yàn)樗麄兊幕顒?dòng)相對(duì)于單獨(dú)的產(chǎn)品而言賦予了產(chǎn)品更多的價(jià)值。Novelli,Smithz,Spencer,2021)。Van Den Berg,Braum, Van Widen,202