【正文】 during widowhood, their sons. They were pletely excluded from social and political life. Economically dependent, women were robbed of property and inheritance rights and possessed no independent source of ine. Having no social status, women were considered as the private property of men, was to please their husbands and to bear their children. They had no personal dignity or independent status, and were deprived of the right to receive an education and take part in social activities. They enjoyed no freedom in marriage but had to obey the dictates of their parents and heed the words of matchmakers, and were not allowed to remarry if their spouses died. They were subject to physical and mental torture, being harassed by systems of polygamy and prostitution, and the overwhelming majority of them were forced to bind their feet from childhood. For centuries, “women with bound feet” was a synonym for the female gender in China. But things were different to men. Men in old China held virtually all the powers, social status, respectability, wealth, and the privilege to choose their wives and a man could marry more than one woman who didn’t have the well matched background as he. Also, the most important thing was that the wife who was married must be a virgin. Men could treat women as their private property or attachment, even slave, depending on their wills. B. Women’s Physiological Feature The women’s physiological feature causes their same low status both in family and society in China and Western Countries. The new anatomy reaffirmed traditional ideas about women’s status. A traditional view that women were physically inferior to men by nature mainly came from the Bible. It was written, in Bible, that the first woman, Eve, was created later than the first man, Adam, and was made out of Adam’s rib. Some people even argued that God wa。 marriage was based on property relationship and it was assumed that marriage, and therefore subordination to men, was the normal condition for the vast majority of women. A revealing symptom of patriarchal families was the fact that, after marring a women usually moved to the orbit (and often the residence) of her husband’s family. Marriages were arranged for women by their parents, with a formal contract being drawn up. The husband served as authority over his wife and children just as he did over his slaves. However, China was a country in which the feudal society lasted for several millennia. The traditional feudal ideologies on women had deeply rooted and women in old China experienced a bitter history. For example, Confucian philosophy preached the male superiority conception and women were to obey— first, their fathers。 while in the same period the male population is 85 percent. By the end of 1992, a number of 56 million female workers, accounting for the whole country 38% of the total number of employees in urban areas, women39。 100 women workers, cadres and professional and technical personnel only 7 people. Through the research data in 2021, in accordance with internationally accepted standards, among 1000 Chinese citizens, there are 14 people within the basic scientific literacy, including 17 male citizens, while only female citizens meet the required standards. In Western Countries women also didn’t have the equal rights to get the opportunities to go to school. Several indicators— including measures of literacy, enrollment, and years in school— reveal important patterns and trends in women’s education in Western Countries. Each of these indicators leads to the same conclusions: the level of female education is low in the poorest countries, with just a handful of exceptions, and by any measure, the gender gap is largest in these countries. The women’s primary school enrollment is lower than men’s. Witho ut question, enrollment rates at all school levels have been rising in the developing world for both sexes. But this expansion has not substantially diminished gender disparities. The enrollment rates of girls remain much lower than those of boys, with the widest gap in the poorest countries. Therefore women didn’t have the equal rights to gain education in some countries even in the modern times. 2. Women in Profession Women in vocation have a lower status both in China and Western Countries. For example, their rate of employment is lower than man’s. The sex prejudice in career is serious. And some women worked in professions and jobs available mostly to men. There were women doctors, lawyers, preachers, teachers, writers, and singers. By the early 19th century, however, acceptable occupations for working women were limited to factory labor or domestic work. Women were excluded from the professions, except for writing and teaching. According to statistics of female college students employment in Heilongjiang Province, among 2021 graduates there are 11402 boys and 9896 girls. Rate of mal employment is % while female is %. The rate of mal employment is % higher than female. In junior college there are 6714 male students whose employment rate is 53%. However 7231 female students has only % employment rate. In total the rate of male students is 9 percent higher than female students. 5 A survey report from Xiamen University showed that the quality of employment of female university students is not as good as the boys. When signing the employment units the rate of female employee whose wages is below 3,000 yuan is up to percent, percent higher than boys. America is the greatest developing country among the Western Countries. However women in profession also don’t have equal rights with man in America. From the date in 2021 in America, the representation of women in the profession is %1 of all lawyers in the United States. There is a table showing 1910— 1982 the percenta