【正文】
( 2) 車外圓至直徑 ( 3) 車外圓至直徑 8 ( 4) 車外圓至 11 3 熱處理 按熱處理工藝,退火 達(dá)到 207~ 255HRC 4 磨 磨外圓至尺寸要求 5 鉗工精修 全面達(dá)到設(shè)計(jì)要求 6 檢驗(yàn) 按熱處理工藝,淬火回火達(dá)到 58~ 62HRC 附錄 3 落料凸凹模的加工工藝過(guò)程 工序號(hào) 工序名稱 工序內(nèi)容 工序圖(示意圖) 東華理工大學(xué)長(zhǎng)江學(xué)院畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì) 附錄 33 1 備料 將毛坯鍛成長(zhǎng)方體 61 68 46 2 粗銑 銑出 U型 3 精銑 U 型 4 鉗工劃線,找孔位 5 鉆孔,鉸孔 加工出兩沖孔凹模 6 加工螺釘孔、安裝 孔及穿絲孔 按位置加工螺釘孔、 銷釘孔及穿絲孔等 7 熱處理 按熱處理工藝,退火 達(dá)到 207~ 255HRC 東華理工大學(xué)長(zhǎng)江學(xué)院畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì) 附錄 34 8 線切割 按圖線切割,輪廓達(dá) 到尺寸要求 9 鉗工精修 全面達(dá)到設(shè)計(jì)要求 10 檢驗(yàn) 附錄:外文翻譯 In Wang Zuoliang’s translation practices, he translated many poems, especially the poems written by Robert Burns. His translation of Burn’s “A Red, Red Rose” brought him fame as a verse translator. At the same time, he published about ten papers on the translation of poems. Some argue that poems cannot be translated. Frost stresses that poetry might get lost in translation. According to Wang, verse translation is possible and necessary, for “The poettranslator brings over some exciting work from another culture and in doing so is also writing his own best work, thereby adding something to his culture. In this transmission and exchange, a richer, more colorful world emerges. ”(Wang, 1991:112). Then how can we translate poems? According to Wang’s understanding, the translation of poems is related to three aspects: A poem’s meaning, poetic art and language. ( 1) A poem’s meaning “Sociocultural differences are formidable enough, but the matter is made much more plex when one realizes that meaning does not consist in the meaning of words only, but also in syntactical structures, speech rhythms, levels of style.” (Wang, 1991:93). ( 2) Poetic art According to Wang, “Bly’s point about the ‘marvelous translation’ being made possible in the United States only after Whitman, Pound and Williams Carlos Williams posed poetry in speech rhythms shows what may be gained when there is a genuine revolution in poetic art.” (Wang, 1991:93). ( 3) Language 東華理工大學(xué)長(zhǎng)江學(xué)院畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì) 附錄 35 “Sometimes language stays static and sometimes language stays active. When language is active, it is beneficial to translation” “This would require this kind of intimate understanding, on the part of the translator, of its genius, its idiosyncrasies, its past and present, what it can do and what it choose not to do.” (Wang, 1991:94). Wang expresses the difficulties of verse translation. Frost’s ment is sufficient to prove the difficulty a translator has to grapple with. Maybe among literary translations, the translation of poems is the most difficult thing. Poems are the crystallization of wisdom. The difficulties of poetic prehension lie not only in lines, but also in structure, such as cadence, rhyme, metre, rhythm, all these conveying information. One point merits our attention. Wang not only talks about the times’ poetic art, but also the impact language’s activity has produced on translation. In times when the language is active, translation is prospering. The reform of poetic art has improved the translation quality of poems. For example, around May Fourth Movement, Baihua replaced classical style of writing, so the translation achieved earthshaking success. The relation between the state of language and translation is so 。 從整個(gè)設(shè)計(jì)過(guò)程來(lái)看,該工件采用復(fù)合模設(shè)計(jì),模具結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)合理,加工簡(jiǎn)單,操作方便,工作效高,零件成形質(zhì)量好,大大提高了生產(chǎn)率,降低了生產(chǎn)成本,滿足了生產(chǎn)需求,而且該設(shè)計(jì)思路可擴(kuò)展推廣到其它類似 零件的產(chǎn)品模具設(shè)計(jì)中。在拆裝模具時(shí),要認(rèn)真仔細(xì),以防損傷模具。在生產(chǎn)中模具的維修、保養(yǎng)也是很重要的。所以,我們?cè)谠O(shè)計(jì)時(shí)應(yīng)詳盡地考 慮模具結(jié)構(gòu),考慮提高生產(chǎn)率,如何方便維修。 ( 9) 裝配完畢對(duì)模具各部分全面檢查。 ( 7) 將彈壓卸料板套在凸凹模上,用平行夾板將卸料板和下模座壓緊,然后在鉆出上鉆出卸料螺釘孔。 東華理工大學(xué)長(zhǎng)江學(xué)院畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì) 模具材料、總裝圖、裝配 25 ( 5) 拆掉平行夾板,將打桿、推板裝于上模座和模柄孔內(nèi),利用定位銷先將上模座、上墊板與凸模組件初步固定。用平行夾板將凹模、中間墊板、凸模組件、上墊板和上模座夾緊,然后調(diào)整沖孔凸模與凸凹模中沖孔凹模的沖裁間隙,調(diào)整落料凹模與凸凹模中落料凸模的沖裁間隙。 ( 1) 加工下模座漏料孔,確定凸凹模組件在下模座上的位置,然后用平行夾板將凸凹模組件和下模座夾緊,在下模座上劃出漏料孔線,加工下模座的漏料孔,下模座漏料孔尺寸應(yīng)比凸凹模漏料孔大 ~1mm. ( 2) 安裝固定凸凹模組件,將凸凹模組件放在下模座上重新找正位置,用平行夾板夾緊。為了使裝配后凸、凹模易于對(duì)中,且間隙均勻,總裝時(shí)必須要考慮裝配基準(zhǔn)及上、下模的裝配次序,否則,可能出現(xiàn)無(wú)法裝配的現(xiàn)象。 ( 4)模柄的裝配,本次采用旋轉(zhuǎn)入式模柄,在裝配凸模固定板和上墊板之前,應(yīng)先將模柄旋入上模座內(nèi),檢查模柄圓柱度和上模座的垂直度,保證誤差小于 ,鉆騎縫銷孔,壓入騎縫銷。壓入時(shí)最好在手動(dòng)壓力機(jī)上進(jìn)行,首次壓入時(shí)不要超過(guò) 3mm。 裝配時(shí),將凸模固定板型孔臺(tái)階朝上,放在兩個(gè)等高墊鐵上,將凸模工作端朝下放入型孔對(duì)正,用壓入機(jī)分多次壓入,要邊壓入邊檢查凸模垂直度,并注意盈量、表面粗糙度,導(dǎo)入圓角和導(dǎo)入斜度。裝配后的模架,上模座沿導(dǎo)柱上、下移動(dòng)應(yīng)平穩(wěn)和無(wú)阻滯現(xiàn)象。 模具組件裝配 ( 1)模架的裝配主要是指導(dǎo)柱、導(dǎo)套與上、下模座之間的裝配,本次選用壓入式裝配,導(dǎo)柱、導(dǎo)套、與上下模座之間采用過(guò)盈配合。 東華理工大學(xué)長(zhǎng)江學(xué)院畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì) 模具材料、總裝圖、裝配 24 ( 4)準(zhǔn)備好 標(biāo)準(zhǔn)件及所需的輔助材料。根據(jù)總裝圖上的模具零件明細(xì)表來(lái)清點(diǎn)、清洗零件,并檢查主要零件的尺寸和形位精度,查明各部分配合面的間隙,加工余量及有無(wú)變形及裂紋等缺陷。從而確定合理的裝配基準(zhǔn)和裝配順序。裝配圖是沖模進(jìn)行裝配的主要技術(shù)依據(jù)。 ( 10)模具應(yīng)在生產(chǎn) 條件下試模,沖出的零件應(yīng)符合要求。 ( 8)制件毛坯的定位應(yīng)準(zhǔn)確、可靠、安全、出件和排樣應(yīng)暢通無(wú)阻。 ( 6)模柄的軸心線應(yīng)與上模座上平面垂直,其垂直度誤差在全長(zhǎng)范圍內(nèi)應(yīng)不大于。 ( 4)模架的上模沿導(dǎo)柱上、下移動(dòng)應(yīng)平穩(wěn)且無(wú)阻滯現(xiàn)象。 ( 2)模具零件的材料、幾何形狀、尺寸精度、表面粗糙度和熱處理等均應(yīng)符合圖樣要求。退火工藝, CrWMn鋼鍛后需進(jìn)行等溫球化退火,退火溫度為 179720 攝氏度,等溫溫度 700720 攝氏度,退火后的組織比較均勻,退火后硬度為 207255HBS。 使用性能: ( 1)優(yōu)良的耐磨損性 ( 2)韌性大,耐沖擊性能 ( 3)由熱處理的變形率小 ( 4) 淬火性良好 ( 5)硬度大 ( 6)對(duì)脫碳的抵抗力大 ( 7)熱處理簡(jiǎn)單 ( 8)價(jià)格低 ( 9)有市場(chǎng)性 工藝性能: ( 1)可鍛性 ( 2)可切削性 ( 3)可耐磨性 ( 4)熱處理工藝性 由此選用 CrWMn 鋼其力學(xué)性能如下, CrWMn 鋼工藝性能, CrWMn 鋼具有良好的鍛造性能。 東華理工大學(xué)長(zhǎng)江學(xué)院畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì) 模具材料、總裝圖、裝配 21 6 模具材料、總裝圖、裝配 模具材料的選用 模具鋼一般于冷間使用,在壓強(qiáng)下,連續(xù)作業(yè),其自身溫度會(huì)上升,另一方面,又受很大的沖擊,因此沖床用模具的工作條件是相當(dāng)惡劣的。分別由標(biāo)準(zhǔn) GB2861 查得:導(dǎo)柱 A22h6X130,導(dǎo)套A22H7X80X30。下模座 125X125X45。