【正文】
2023年 3月 22日星期三 12時(shí) 21分 48秒 00:21:4822 March 2023 ? 1一個(gè)人即使已登上頂峰,也仍要自強(qiáng)不息。 2023年 3月 22日星期三 上午 12時(shí) 21分 48秒 00:21: ? 1最具挑戰(zhàn)性的挑戰(zhàn)莫過于提升自我。勝人者有力,自勝者強(qiáng)。 :21:4800:21Mar2322Mar23 ? 1越是無能的人,越喜歡挑剔別人的錯(cuò)兒。 , March 22, 2023 ? 閱讀一切好書如同和過去最杰出的人談話。 2023年 3月 22日星期三 12時(shí) 21分 48秒 00:21:4822 March 2023 ? 1空山新雨后,天氣晚來秋。 。 :21:4800:21:48March 22, 2023 ? 1意志堅(jiān)強(qiáng)的人能把世界放在手中像泥塊一樣任意揉捏。 :21:4800:21Mar2322Mar23 ? 1世間成事,不求其絕對圓滿,留一份不足,可得無限完美。 , March 22, 2023 ? 很多事情努力了未必有結(jié)果,但是不努力卻什么改變也沒有。 2023年 3月 22日星期三 12時(shí) 21分 48秒 00:21:4822 March 2023 ? 1做前,能夠環(huán)視四周;做時(shí),你只能或者最好沿著以腳為起點(diǎn)的射線向前。 。 :21:4800:21:48March 22, 2023 ? 1他鄉(xiāng)生白發(fā),舊國見青山。 :21:4800:21Mar2322Mar23 ? 1故人江海別,幾度隔山川。 , March 22, 2023 ? 雨中黃葉樹,燈下白頭人。 ? It is to understand different cultures. 關(guān)鍵是對不同文化的理解。 Older Mexican consumers are less likely to buy . products than younger Mexicans. Global Thinking 全球思維 ? As global thinking, the most important is not how to sell in other countries or how to use resources of other countries. It is to understand global marketing and abilities of doing global marketing. ? 對于全球思維而言,最重要的不是如何在其它國家去銷售或利用用他國資源,而是理解全球營銷和進(jìn)行全球管理的能力。 Some people may prefer not to buy products from a certain country. ? 例如, 有的中國消費(fèi)者可能不太愿意買日本的產(chǎn)品。 Interpret others from the perspective of their own group. ? 拒絕與自己文化以相似的事物。 “assembled in X using materials from Y.” – 日本公司的在墨西哥生產(chǎn)的產(chǎn)品。 Spacing issues ? 語境。 More prevalent in Latin America than here: less prevalent in Asia than here. ? 飲食習(xí)慣 Eating habits ? Japanese slurp noodles, Indian meals, some Europeans won’t eat any food with their fingers. 2023/3/22 35 Ma Guo, CEBA, Teaching Notes of Consumer Behavior Nonverbal Behavior 非語言行為 ? 用與溝通的行為、動(dòng)作和語調(diào) Actions, movements and utterances that municate. ? 跳舞。In China Japan friendship is a substitute for a legal system. ? We view friendships as more disposable. ? 關(guān)系是極為重要的。 4 is unlucky in Japan, China. ? 2 的發(fā)音在香港是好運(yùn)的聲音。 Indonesia tended to have the most relaxed pace. Symbols 符號(hào)象征 (例子) ? 7 在加納、肯尼亞是不吉利的數(shù)字, 但在印度、捷克是吉利的數(shù)字。 On all three measures, Japan had the most accurate and fastest times. ? 美國人和英國人屬于第二和第三位。 The method used to avoid mistakes is back translation. (逆向翻譯) The process involves translating the message back and forth by different translators. In this way differences in meaning can be identified. 2023/3/22 Ma Guo, CEBA, Teaching Notes of Consumer Behavior 32 Time perception 時(shí)間概念 ? 不同的國家時(shí)間觀念是不同的 。 American products are highly regarded but only the welltodo can afford them. 2023/3/22 Ma Guo, CEBA, Teaching Notes of Consumer Behavior 30 .6 跨文化問題的范圍 CrossCultural Problem Areas ? Translation 翻譯 ? National Languages and Dialects各國的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)語言和地方語言 ? Time perception 時(shí)間觀念 ? Symbols 符號(hào)象征 ? Friendship 友誼 ? Etiquette 禮節(jié) ? Nonverbal Behavior 非語言行為 ? CountryofOrigin Issues 原產(chǎn)國問題 ? Ethnocentricity 種族主義 ? Animosity 仇恨 ? Binational products 雙國產(chǎn)品 2023/3/22 Ma Guo, CEBA, Teaching Notes of Consumer Behavior 31 Translation 翻譯 ? 促銷信息必須精確的翻譯。 Africa is changing rapidly. Africans are often bilingual, speaking their own language and that of former European colonial administrators. ? 講法語、英語和德語的當(dāng)?shù)厝耍? 會(huì)更歡迎法國、英國和德國的產(chǎn)品。 There is no “Euroconsumer” 2023/3/22 Ma Guo, CEBA, Teaching Notes of Consumer Behavior 29 非洲消費(fèi)者 The African Consumer ? 非洲正在發(fā)生快速的變化。Marketing requires an understanding of the different cultures and business practices. 2023/3/22 Ma Guo, CEBA, Teaching Notes of Consumer Behavior 28 西歐消費(fèi)者 The West European Consumer ? 歐盟包含了很多好國家。 Western products are in huge demand ? 收入低于西方或國家,但生產(chǎn)率正在提高。 . products viewed favorably. ? 西班牙語很重要。也是制定營銷戰(zhàn)略的基礎(chǔ)。 2023/3/22 Ma