sixsigma培訓(xùn)教材(參考版)
2025-02-19 13:43本頁(yè)面
【正文】 176。 Note: Time is a Factor Only if TemperatureChanges Significantly6? Overview Step 9.....Establish Tolerances on “Vital Few” (Xs)How do we Ensure Oven Temperature is Controlled?? Data Suggests 350 ( 5 ) is best Temperature to Reduce Taste Variation? Brand A Flour to be Used Except in Case of Emergency? “BETTER BREAD” to Search for Better Alternative Supplier of Flour Just in Case176。 176。 Z T Target 0A 3? ProcessThe Definitions of YieldFinal Test Process(Process 4) PassProcess 3Process 1 Process 2100(Units Tested) 65 70 8291Yield 1 Yield 2 Yield 3 Loss 1 Loss 3 Rejects Loss 2 9 9 12 5? First Time Yield (Yft)= Units PassedUnits Tested= 65 70= ? Rolled Thruput Yield (Yrt)= (Yield 1) (Yield 2) (Yield 3) . . . . = 91 82 65 70( ( ( () ) ) ) = 100 91 70 82? Normalized Yield (Ynm)==1/n(Yrt)()1/4 = ( n: Total Number of Processes ) 6? Overview Yield Exclusiveof ReworkProbability ofZero DefectsAverage Yield of All Processes6? Overview The Impact of ComplexityRolled YieldNumber of Operations 1 10 100 1,000 10,000 1,000,000Process Mean Centered on Each Operation 1 10 100 1,000 10,000 1,000,000Rolled YieldNumber of Operations As the Number of Operations Increases, a HighRolled Yield Requires a High ?? for Each Operation 5? 4? 3? 6? 6? 5? 4? 3?Process Mean Shifted ?? at Each Operation6? Overview Baselining Benchmarking an Existing Processp (x)DefectsBenchmarkBaseline Entitlement? Benchmark.....A WorldClass Performance? Entitlement.....Achievable Performance Given the Investments Already Made? Baseline.....The Current Level of PerformanceBaselining = Current Process / Benchmarking = Ultimate GoalSome Basic 6?Related Tools6? Overview Scatter Diagram Over Slept Car Would Not StartWeather Family ProblemsOtherPareto Diagram Frequency ofOccurenceReasons for Being Late for WorkArrival Timeat WorkTime Alarm Went OffMaterials PeopleThe HistogramControl Charts6? Overview Some Basic 6?Related ToolsThe Fishbone DiagramMeasurements Methods TechnologyStatementCause EffectBeing Late for WorkPlot of Daily Arrival Time 9:157:00 7:15 7:30 7:45 8:00 8:15 8:30 8:45 9:00Average ValueNumber ofPeopleArrivingat CRDTime6? Overview LCLUCLRange ChartROut of Control ConditionLCLXUCLX Bar ChartSome Basic 6?Related ToolsLCL = Lower Control LimitUCL = Upper Control LimitX = MeanR = Average RangeMonitors Changes in Average or Variation Over TimeDesign of Experiments6? Overview SCREENING OPTIMIZATIONCHARACTERIZATION? For Experiments Involving a Large Number of Factors? Useful in Isolating the “Vital Few “ from the “Trivial Many”? For Experiments Involving a Relatively Small Number of Factors? Useful When Studying Relatively Unplicated Effects Interactions? For Experiments Involving Only 2 or 3 Factors? Useful When Studying Highly Complicated Effects RelationshipsDOE is More Effective Than Testing One Factor at a Time6? Overview Using the “One Factor at a Time” Approach Reduce Commute to Work to 15 Minutes (without working an abnormal work schedule) The GoalThe Variables Time of Departure from Home Route Taken to Work The Approach Try 3 Potential Routes at Current Departure Time (7:45), Select the Best Vary the Departure Time ‘til we get to 15 MinutesTime of Departure3217:15 7:30 7:45 8:00 8:15RouteCombination SelectedThe ResultUse Route 2 andLeave at 7:15 to Reach Goal6? Overview Using “Design of Experiments” (DOE)Time of DepartureDOE (i) Better Accounts for Interactive Variables Missed by “One Factor at a Time”, and (ii) Efficiently
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