【文章內(nèi)容簡介】 of the Process (short term)LSL TargetOver Time, a “Typical” Process Will Shift and Drift by Approximately ?6? Overview “Short Term Centered” versus “Long Term Shifted”Six Sigma CenteredLSL USLT Process CapabilitySHORT TERM.001 ppm .001 ppm+6? LONG TERMLSL USLT ppmSix Sigma Shifted ? Process CapabilityHigher Defect Yield in Long Term Process Capability than Short Term Process Capability 6? ? ?6? Overview Tying it All TogethershiftC DA B1 2 3 4 5 6CONTROLPOORGOODTECHNOLOGYPOOR GOODABCD Good Control/ Poor TechnologyPoor Control/PoorTechnologyPoor Control/Good Technology WORLD CLASS!!!?short term?Problem Could be Control, Technology or Both6? Overview Short Term CapabilityShort Term Capability Ratio(Cp)Cp =[ ] LSL6?USL] Example USLLSL ?== ?6?[ ? ( ???Cp =Cp = 1 LSL USL? ? ?Process Mean181。 T TargetA 3? Process] The Potential Performance of a Process, if it Were on Target6? Overview Long Term Capability (Cpk)CpCpk =Long Term Capability RatioExampleCp = 1 (previous chart)Target = ?181。 =0?Cpk 1 (??0?3? =Cpk = OffTarget Penalty Target 3?181。 The Potential Performance of a Process, Corrected for an OffTarget MeanLSL USL? ? ?Process Mean181。 T TargetA 3? Process6? Overview Z Scale of MeasureZ =A Unit of Measure Equivalent to the Number of StandardDeviations that a Value is Awayfrom the Target Value Z Values USLLSL? ? ?= Process Mean181。 Z T Target 0A 3? ProcessThe Definitions of YieldFinal Test Process(Process 4) PassProcess 3Process 1 Process 2100(Units Tested) 65 70 8291Yield 1 Yield 2 Yield 3 Loss 1 Loss 3 Rejects Loss 2 9 9 12 5? First Time Yield (Yft)= Units PassedUnits Tested= 65 70= ? Rolled Thruput Yield (Yrt)= (Yield 1) (Yield 2) (Yield 3) . . . . = 91 82 65 70( ( ( () ) ) ) = 100 91 70 82? Normalized Yield (Ynm)==1/n(Yrt)()1/4 = ( n: Total Number of Processes ) 6? Overview Yield Exclusiveof ReworkProbability ofZero DefectsAverage Yield of All Processes6? Overview The Impact of ComplexityRolled YieldNumber of Operations 1 10 100 1,000 10,000 1,000,000Process Mean Centered on Each Operation 1 10 100 1,000 10,000 1,000,000Rolled YieldNumber of Operations As the Number of Operations Increases, a HighRolled Yield Requires a High ?? for Each Operation 5? 4? 3? 6? 6? 5? 4? 3?Process Mean Shifted ?? at Each Operation6? Overview Baselining Benchmarking an Existing Processp (x)DefectsBenchmarkBaseline Entitlement? Benchmark.....A WorldClass Performance? Entitlement.....Achievable Performance Given the Investments Already Made? Baseline.....The Current Level of PerformanceBaselining = Current Process / Benchmarking = Ultimate GoalSome Basic 6?Related Tools6? Overview Scatter Diagram Over Slept Car Would Not StartWeather Family ProblemsOtherPareto Diagram Frequency ofOccurenceReasons for Being Late for WorkArrival Timeat WorkTime Alarm Went OffMaterials PeopleThe HistogramControl Charts6? Overview Some Basic 6?Related ToolsThe Fishbone DiagramMeasurements Methods TechnologyStatementCause EffectBeing Late for WorkPlot of Daily Arrival Time 9:157:00 7:15 7:30 7:45 8:00 8:15 8:30 8:45 9:00Average ValueNumber ofPeopleArrivingat CRDTime6? Overview LCLUCLRange ChartROut of Control ConditionLCLXUCLX Bar ChartSome Basic 6?Related ToolsLCL = Lower Control LimitUCL = Upper Control LimitX = MeanR = Average RangeMonitors Changes in Average or Variation Over TimeDesign of Experiments6? Overview SCREENING OPTIMIZATIONCHARAC