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? 2.表層的制度系統(制度層):規(guī)章制度、道德規(guī)范、行為準則和組織結構 ? 3.顯現層的組織文化載體(物質層):組織行為、文化設備、工作環(huán)境 ? (四)組織文化的功能 ? 1.整合功能 ? 2.適應功能 ? 3.導向功能 ? 4.發(fā)展功能 ? 5.持續(xù)功能 ? (五)組織文化的形成 ? 1.管理者的倡導 ? 2.組織成員的接受:“社會化”與“預社會化” ? (六)組織文化的塑造途徑 ? 1.確立正確的組織價值觀 ? 2.強化員工的認同感 ? 3.提煉定格 ? 4.鞏固落實 ? 5.在發(fā)展中不斷豐富和完善 ? 問題: ? 1.組織變革的動因有哪些 ? ? 2.變革過程中可能遇到哪些阻力 ?如何克服這些阻力 ? ? 3.何謂組織文化 ?組織文化有何特征 ? ? 4.如何塑造企業(yè)文化 ? 作業(yè)三 組織 ?影響管理幅度設計的主要因素 ? ? 點和局限性 ? ?如何克服這些阻力 ? 演講完畢,謝謝觀看! 。 ? (二)組織文化的主要特征 ? 1.超個體的獨特性 ? 2.相對穩(wěn)定性 ? 3.融合繼承性 ? 4.發(fā)展性 美國價值觀與中國價值觀 ? 中國同事: ? You look pale. What’ s the matter? ? 美國同事: I’ m feeling sick. ? A cold , maybe… ? 中國同事: Go and see a doctor . Drink more water . Did you take any pills? Chinese medicine works wonderful. Would you like to try ?Put on more clothes . Have a good rest. ? 美國同事: You are not my mother , are you? ? 同樣的事件,美國同事的反應: ? Take care of yourself . I hope you’ ll be better soon. ? 中國同事認為: ? I hear “我不同意” ? 美國同事認為: ? 沉默代表你同意 ? 楊元慶和當時的 CEO達成了“ straight talk”的坦誠溝通的方化要求。s in the 1940s. Companies such as DuPont,Standard Oil,and Kodak recognized that a number of their employees were experiencing problems with alcohol. Formal programs were implemented on the pany39。 and anizational leadership. ? (1)Task demands are factors related to an employee’s job. They include the design of the person’s job(autonomy, task variety, degree of automation), working conditions, and the physical work layout. Work quotas can put pressure on employees when their “outes” are perceived as excessive. The more interdependence between an employee’s tasks and the tasks of others, the more potential stress there is . Autonomy, on the other hand , tends to lessen stress. Jobs where temperatures, noise, or other working conditions are dangerous or undesirable can increase anxiety . So, too , can working in an overcrowded room or in a visible location where interruptions