【正文】 I wish to express my thanks to all my teachers who have taught me how to study and what to learn, which helped me a lot in the writing of the paper. During the four years, I have received considerable help from the teachers. I would also like to thank all my fellow classmates, who have given me great support and encouragement in the course of the paper writing and during all four college years.10 。Row, 1970.5. Pizer, Donald. American Realism and Naturalism [M]. Shanghai: Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press, 2000.6. in Western Culture[M]. 西安：西北工業(yè)大學(xué)出版社，1997.7. [J].渝西學(xué)院學(xué)報(bào)（社會科學(xué)版），2004（2）：5053.8. 胡蔭桐，劉樹森. A Course American Literature [M].天津：南開大學(xué)出版社，2003.9. [J].邵陽學(xué)院學(xué)報(bào)（社會科學(xué)版），2005（2）：7175.10. 劉 Readings in British and American Literature[M].北京：高等教育出版社，2001.11. 裘柱常譯. 德萊塞，嘉莉妹妹[M].上海：上海譯文出版社，1990.12. [M].上海：上海外語教育出版社，1988.Acknowledgements it is one of the strong emotions which tells people that he is still curious to exist, that he still have an edge on his longings and want to bite into the world. Carrie is driven by the environment and the internal desire to move to Chicago. Strictly speaking, it is the physiological needs. Carrie wants to change the poor life. She begins to hunt a job to earn money to fulfill her needs. Carrie accepts a job in a shoe factory for four and a half dollars a week. Every week she pays four dollars for her board and lodging. Does the story develop smoothly like this? The author gave a hint by writing: “When a girl leaves her home at eighteen, she does one of two things. Either she falls into saving hands and bees better, or she rapidly assumes the cosmopolitan standard of virtue and bees worse.”【3】Carrie tries to live on her own to start her first step of material pursuit. The safety needs: being Drouet’s mistressChicago is a charming city indeed. Carrie is surrounded by various temptations.“Carrie passed along the busy aisles, much affected by the remarkable displays of trinkets, dress goods, stationary and jewelry. Each separate counter was a show place of dazzling interest and attraction. She could not help feeling the claim of each trinket and valuable upon her personally. There was nothing there which she could not have to usednothing which she did not long to own. The dainty slippers and stockings, the delicately frilled skirts and petticoats, the laces, ribbons, hairbs, purses, all touch her with individual desire.”【4】 “She realized in a dim way how much the city heldwealth, fashion, easeevery adornment for woman, and she longed for dress and beauty with a whole heart”【5】 But the fact is that the cold reality takes her by the hand. First, her sister and brotherinlaw live a lean life and consumed by housework. The money left by Carrie every week is not enough for her car fares, let alone clothes, laces, ribbons, etc. And none of those things is in the range of her purchase. Second, in the shoe factory, the machines work intensively. Carrie is not strong. Her shoulders and necks ache in bending over and she is totally exhausted every day. “As Carrie listened to this and much more of similar familiar badinage among the men and the girls, she instinctively withdraws into herself. She feared that the young boys about would address such remarks to her.”【6】 “and the whole atmosphere was sordid” 【7】Carrie doesn’t like to bear the hard work, the foul working condition and the human environment. She hopes to break away from the factory to enjoy physical fort and from such uncouth men to keep her calm. Third, as the rigorous winter is around the corner, Carrie worries about the problem of winter clothes, for she has nothing to wear. At last, as a result of illness she loses the job and to return hometown seems to be the only choice. According to Maslow’s hierarchy of needs, if the physiological needs are relatively well gratified, there then emerge the safety needs. The problem is that whether she can satisfy it or not, it depends on the reality which supplies enough conditions or not, besides her own effort. Carrier understands that it is impossible to buy dress and entertain herself by her personal diligence. Drouet is, for Carrie, an escape. She does not love him, but he means a source of amazement, and she recognizes that the relative opulence of his chambers and department he procures for Carrie is the signs of that for which she is striving. Eventually she betrays herself to bee Drouet’s mistress to realize her safety need. Carrie and Drouet pay a visit all round the city and go shopping, take part in various activities, have delicious foods, purchase beautiful clothes. Though Carrie has ever hesitated, “Money! Money! What a thing it was to have! How plenty of it would clear away all the troubles. ” 【8】she surrendered to the magic of money. At the second stage of material pursuit, Carrie has a much stronger desire. She falls in love with it without reason.3. Carrie’s spiritual sublimation by degrees The love and belonging needs awaking stepAs the plot goes, the author depicts a panorama of rising needs and desire. On one hand, Carrie is not just satisfied with living together with Drouet. “That young lady, under the stress of her situation and the tutelage of her new friend, changed effectively. She the glow of a more showy life was not upon her. She did not grow in knowledge so much as she awakened in the ma