【正文】 the mill owners thus imported into the new industrial order hoary stereotypes associated with the homemaking activities they presumed to have been the purview of women. Because women accepted the more unattractive new industrial tasks more readily than did men, such jobs came to be regarded as female jobs. And employers, who assumed that women’s “real” aspirations were for marriage and family life, declined to pay women wages mensurate with those of men. Thus many lowerskilled, lowerpaid, less secure jobs came to be perceived as “female.”More remarkable than the origin has been the persistence of such sex segregation in twentiethcentury industry. Once an occupation came to be perceived as “female”, employers showed surprisingly little interest in changing that perception, even when higher profits beckoned. And despite the urgent need of the United States during the Second World War to mobilize its human resources fully, job segregation by sex characterized even he most important war industries. Moreover, once the war ended, employers quickly returned to men most of the “male” jobs that women had been permitted to master.23. According to the passage, job segregation by sex in the United States was .A. greatly diminlated by labor mobilization during the Second World War.B. perpetuated by those textilemill owners who argued in favor of women’s employment in wage laborC. one means by which women achieved greater job securityD. reluctantly challenged by employers except when the economic advantages were obvious 24. According to the passage, historians of women’s labor focused on factory work as a more promising area of research than servicesector work because factory work A. involved the payment of higher wagesB. required skill in detailed tasks C. was assumed to be less characterized by sex segregationD. was more readily accepted by women than by men 25. It can be inferred from the passage the early historians of women’s labor in the United States paid little attention to women’s employment in the service sector of the economy because A. fewer women found employment in the service sector than in factory workB. the wages paid to workers in the service sector were much more shortterm than in factory work C. women’s employment in the service sector tended to be much more shortterm than in factory workD. employment in the service sector seemed to have much in mon with the unpaid work associated with homemaking 26. The passage supports which of the following statements about the early mill owners mentioned in the second paragraph?A. They hoped that by creating relatively unattractive “female” jobs they would discourage women from losing interest in marriage and family life.B. They sought to increase the size of the available labor force as a means to keep men’s wages low.C. They argued that women were inherently suited to do well in particular kinds of factory workD. They felt guilty about disturbing the traditional division of labor in family. can be inferred from the passage that the “unfinished revolution” the author mentions in L11 refers to the A. entry of women into the industrial labor market.B. Development of a new definition of femininity unrelated to the economic forces of industrialismC. Introduction of equal pay for equal work in all professionsD. Emancipation of women wage earners from genderdetermined job allocation28. The passage supports which of the following statements about hiring policies in the United States?A. After a crisis many formerly “male ”jobs are reclassified as “female” jobs.B. Industrial employers generally prefer to hire women with previous experience as homemakersC. PostSecond World War hiring policies caused women to lose many of their wartime gains in employment opportunity.D. Even war industries during the Second World War were reluctant to hire women for factory work.29. Which of the following words best expresses the opinion of the author of the passage concerning the notion that women are more skillful than men in carrying out details tasks?A. “patient” (line17)B. “repetitive” (line18)C. “hoary” (line19)D. “homemaking” (line19) 30. Which of the following best describes the relationship of the final paragraph to the passage as a whole?A. The central idea is reinforced by the citation of evidence drawn from twentiethcentury history.B. The central idea is restated in such a way as to form a transition to a new topic for discussionC. The central idea is restated and juxtaposed with evidence that might appear to contradict it.D. A partial exception to the generalizations of the central idea is dismissed unimportant.Passage FiveQuestions 3136 are based on the following passage:Two modes of argumentation have been used on behalf of women’s emancipation in Western societies. Arguments in what could be called the “relational” feminist tradition maintain the doctrine of “equality in difference”, or equity as distinct for equality. They posit that biological distinctions between the sexes result in a necessary sexual division of labor in the family and throughout society and that women’s procreative labor is currently undervalued by society, to the disadvantage of women. By contrast, the individualist feminist tradition emphasizes individual human rights and celebrates women’s quest for personal autonomy, while downplaying the importance of gender roles and minimizing discussion of childbearing and its attendant responsibilities.Before the late nineteenth century, these views coexisted within the feminist movement, often within the writings of the same individual. Between 1890and 1920, however, relational feminism, which had been the dominant strain in feminist thought, and which still predominates among European and nonwestern feminists, lost ground in England and the United States. Because the concept of individual rights w